Personality Traits

Question 1

what does OCEAN stand for? what is that model called?

Answer 1

• five factor model/the big five
  Openness
  Conscientiousness
  Extraversion
  Agreeableness
  Neuroticism

Question 2

what word describes the characteristic, routine ways of thinking, feeling, and relating to others.

Answer 2

personality

Question 3

what are personality traits

Answer 3

dispositions in behavior that show differences across individuals, and which tend to characterize the person across varying types of situations.

Question 4

what are personality traits

Answer 4

dispositions in behavior that show differences across individuals, and which tend to characterize the person across varying types of situations.

Question 5

what are continuous distributions

Answer 5

charictaristics can from low to high, w different values, ability to possess amount of it its not just have it or not

Question 6

Define extraversion, where do most ppl score on a cont. distribution scale?

Answer 6

• trait, persons tendency to be sociable, outgoing, active and assertive
• most score in the middle

Question 7

what are the three criteria that characterize personality traits

Answer 7

• consistency
• stability
• individual differences

Question 8

what is the lexical hypothesis

Answer 8

• idea that most important differences between ppl are encoded in language used to describe ppl
• how ppl describe themselves and other=most important

Question 9

what is factor analysis

Answer 9

grouping similar things together according to association

Question 10

Define openness

Answer 10

• curiosity, creativity, emotional breadth, open-mindedness
• interest/awe

Question 11

Define conscientiousness

Answer 11

• careful, organized, hardworking, follow rules

Question 12

Define Agreeableness

Answer 12

• compassionate, cooperative, warm, caring
• low=hostile, selfish, rude etc

Question 13

define neuroticism

Answer 13

• interpersonally sensitive, experience negative emotions like anxiety, fear, sadness, anger

Question 14

what would you score high/low on if you prefer sur of the moment action and are quite careless

Answer 14

low on conscientiouness

Question 15

t or f: in the five factor model, one score can give you a good idea on how you’d score on others

Answer 15

false, each score is dependent on itself

Question 16

what are facets

Answer 16

• broad personality traits that can be broken down into narrower aspects of the trait
• ex. extraversion= sociability, dominance, risk taking etc

Question 17

what are the two traits that people argue could replace the five?

Answer 17

extraversion and neuroticism

Question 18

What is the alternative model to the big five?

Answer 18

• HEXACO model
• like OCEAN but add honesty-humility
  Honesty-Humility [H]
  Emotionality [E]
  Extraversion [X]
  Agreeableness [A]
  Conscientiousness [C]
  Openness [O]

Question 19

Example of other traits not included in the big five that are important to study

Answer 19

• need for cognition
• optimism
• self-esteem
• authoritarianism
• machiavellianism (manipulative)
• alexithymia (cant recognize emotions)

Question 20

What did Walter Mischel publish about in the late 1960s with his book Personality and Assessment? What debate followed it?

Answer 20

• that ppl arent consistent from one situation to the next
• not a lot of relation, its situation based
• person-situation debate

Question 21

what is the person-situation debate

Answer 21

• power of personality traits when compared to situational influences on behaviour
• ppl overestimate Personality consistancies

Question 22

what is the alternative assessment of personality provided by the person situation debate

Answer 22

how ppl react in terms of risk and reward and evaluation of abilities and values

Question 23

t or f: personality traits are good at determining how ppl will act in specific situations

Answer 23

false, they are mainly how ppl act on average

Question 24

The enduring dispositions that people show across situations are called personality ______.

dimensions.
traits.
aphorisms.
idiographs.
projections

Answer 24

traits

Question 25

______ refers to the fact that traits tend not to change very much over time. As an example, if a person tends to be very anxious as a 30-year old, they would probably be rather anxious as a 40-year old. Foundation. Stability. Satisfaction. Validity. Externalization

Answer 25

Stability

Question 26

Richard tends to be a very positive person but Kenny is a rather grumpy person. This contrast reflects one of the three main criteria of a personality trait, which is ______. stability. gender effects. internalization. individual differences. persistence

Answer 26

individual differences.

Question 27

What was the basic premise of the lexical hypothesis, introduced by Allport and Odbert? - Personality characteristics should be reflected in the language that we use to describe people.. - Personality traits can change but, over time, they will all regress to an average expression.. - Each person goes through eight different “life stages,” and each stage includes a crisis that must be resolved.. - Personality traits change in bilingual people; they act one way when speaking one language and a different way while speaking a second language.. - Early childhood experiences shape adult personalities.

Answer 27

Personality characteristics should be reflected in the language that we use to describe people..

Question 28

______ is a statistical technique that allows one to group things together according to how highly they are associated (or how similar they truly are). Factor analysis. Longitudinal analysis. Qualitative grouping. Structural equation modeling. Path analysis

Answer 28

Factor analysis.

Question 29

What is the best way to describe the relationship between the personality traits in the Five-Factor Model? - The traits are relatively independent. A high score on one trait tells little about a score on another trait.. - The traits are all positively correlated. A high score on one of the traits tends to predict a high score on another.. - Two of the traits – Extraversion and Conscientiousness – are positively correlated.. - Three traits– Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Openness – are positively correlated.. - The traits are all negatively correlated. A high score on one of the traits tends to predict a low score on another.

Answer 29

The traits are relatively independent. A high score on one trait tells little about a score on another trait..

Question 30

In a new revision of the Five-Factor approach to personality traits, called the HEXACO model, a sixth trait has been added. What is that newer trait? Approach/Avoidance. Carelessness/Carefulness. Confidence/Uncertainty. Creativity/Detail Orientation. Honesty/Humility

Answer 30

Honesty/Humility

Question 31

what is it called when ppl drop out of bad fits in enviro

Answer 31

attrition

Question 32

hostile attribution bias

Answer 32

- when ppl interpret interactions as aggressive, disrespectful or antagonistic (they will mirror that reaction)

Question 33

what are the three components a good psychometric test aim to have

Answer 33

- validity - reliability - standardization

Question 34

active person-enviro transations

Answer 34

- picking specific enviros that fit their personality

Question 35

reactive person-enviro transactions

Answer 35

- reacting differently to stim based on personality

Question 36

evocative person-enviro transaction

Answer 36

- ppl elicit responses from enviro bc of personality - attraction, they are attracted to enviro that reflect personality