Personality Types

Question 1

Personality definition?

Answer 1

The sum of an individuals characteristics which make him unique (Hollander)

Question 2

What is trait theory?

Answer 2

Inherited or genetically engineered predetermined
Traits are stable, enduring and consistent in all situations
Personality or behaviour is therefore generalised and predictable e.g some people are always aggressive

Question 3

What is Social Learning theory?

Answer 3

Copying the behaviour of others and being reinforced for copying it
Copying is more likely if the model is significant and/or if their behaviour is reinforced
Behaviour is learned from the environment
Personality or behaviour is therefore predictable if the same situation reoccurs e.g a player may adopt a positive attitude in certain situations only

Question 4

What is interactionist theory?

Answer 4

Interaction or relationship between personality traits and the situation/environment
Behaviour changing to the demands of the situation or environment
A combination of trait and social learning factors
Typical responses emerge from the combination of personality traits and the environment
Personality or behaviour is unpredictable

Question 5

Extrovert personalities characteristics?

Answer 5

Tend to be outgoing
May be suited to team sports
Affiliate to and are confident with other people
Have a reticular activating system which is low in sensitivity (alters alertness)
Therefore becomes aroused slowly

Question 6

Introvert personalities characteristics?

Answer 6

Tend to have an inward focus may be suited to individual sports
Prefer isolation
Lack confidence socially inept
High sensitivity RAS
Therefore becomes aroused quickly

Question 7

Stable personalities characteristics?

Answer 7

Tend to have predictable temperament suited to high performance sports
Moods likely consistent appearing calm and relaxed
Low anxiety
Logical perception of situation

Question 8

Unstable personalities characteristics?

Answer 8

Tend to be unpredictable in temperament not ideal for sports participation
Mood swings
Prone to worry and anxiety
Unrealistic perception of a situation

Question 9

What are the two other trait theories?

Answer 9

Type A and B

Question 10

Type A characteristics?

Answer 10

Tends to become highly aroused
Prone to excessive anxiety
Impatient with themselves and others
Works fast and is ambitious
Tendency towards aggression
Highly competitive and likes control of situations
E.g a coach with type A characteristics may dispute a referees decision

Question 11

Type B characteristics?

Answer 11

Able to control keep arousal
Can relax and subdue anxiety
Patient with themselves and others
Cool under pressure
Passive
Less competitive than type A
E.g., an athlete with type A personality characteristics is able to stay relaxed before a major event

Question 12

Trait Theory equation

Answer 12

B= f (P)

Behaviour is function of innate personality

Question 13

Social learning theory equation

Answer 13

B= f (E)

Behaviour is a function of your environment

Question 14

Interactionist approach equation

Answer 14

B= f (PxE)

Behaviour is a function of you innate personality and environment

Question 15

What is Eysenck and Cattell’s theory’s axis

Answer 15

Introvert——Extrovert
Neurotic
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Stable

Question 16

What was E and C point of the most sporting success?

Answer 16

Stable extrovert

Question 17

How do you find out where you are?

Answer 17

Cattell 16 traits test

Question 18

Strengths of social learning theory

Answer 18

Helps to understand how individuals are different

Shows how people in the same environment tend to be similar

Explains how we may be different to parents

Question 19

Explain the 3 layers - Hollander?

Answer 19

1. Psychological core (trait)
2. Typical responses
3. Role - related behaviour (E, SLT)

Genetically inherited traits are triggered by the environment (unpredictable)