Transfer Of Learning Flashcards
What is positive transfer?
When one situation/ skill helps the learning and performance of another
An example of positive transfer?
Handball shot - volleyball spike - badminton smash
What is negative transfer?
When one skill or situation hinders the performance of a skill or situation of another
An example of negative transfer?
The flexed arm in throwing a rounders ball hinders the straight arm required for cricket bowling
What is proactive transfer?
When a previously learned skill affects the current learning or performance of another skill
An example of proactive transfer?
The previously learned field kick can affect the new skill being learnt (a conversion)
What is retroactive transfer?
Where the current learning of a skill effects the learning of a previously learned skill
An example of retroactive transfer?
The current learning of a serve in tennis can affect the previously learned skill of a badminton serve
What is bilateral transfer?
A transfer from limb to limb
An example of bilateral transfer?
In football an attacker may deceive the defender he does this by using his non dominant leg to pass throwing off the defender
What is Zero transfer?
Where no transfer has taken place
How to optimise positive transfer?
Original skill must be over learned or well grooved
Positive reinforcement when transfer successful
Closer practice to the real situation
Varied practice for open skills e.g 2v1 attacker defender drill for passing replicates the game situation
What ways can limit the effect of negative transfer?
Be aware that skills that look similar may transfer negatively
The environment which the skill is learnt must match the real situation
Conflicting skills must not follow in sequence when training e.g badminton stroke then tennis stroke
Can proactive, retroactive and bilateral transfer be negative?
Yes
