pg 114 to 118

Question 1

before the industrial revolution…

Answer 1

half of the population of Britain lived in small farming villages

they used simple farming tools
produced enough to feed themselves

Question 2

explain farmlands

Answer 2

shared
consisted of open fields
did not have fences, hedges or walls

Question 3

what is common land

Answer 3

land that is shared and can be used by everyone
farmers grazed their livestock on the common land

Question 4

what happened in the beginning of the 18th century

Answer 4

England was growing richer because of the trade
population of England was increasing
there was more demand for food

Question 5

what did the demand of food lead to

Answer 5

inventions that improved crop and livestock production

Question 6

what is an invention

Answer 6

the creation of something new

Question 7

definition of fallow

Answer 7

not planted or used

Question 8

what is the agricultural revolution

Answer 8

a change in the way farming was done

Question 9

instead of farmers sharing fields…

Answer 9

there was a movement to enclose land that would belong to one person

Question 10

explain larger enclosed farms

Answer 10

more efficient
meant more and better food production

Question 11

the enclosed movement was was…

Answer 11

part of the agricultural revolution

Question 12

when was land first enclosed and by who

Answer 12

16th century
wealthy landowners
who wanted large sheep farms to produce wool

Question 13

the system of enclosure was regulated by… through…

Answer 13

government laws
acts of parliament

Question 14

most enclosures were carried out in the

Answer 14

1760s and 1770s

Question 15

most farms in england were enclosed by…

Answer 15

1800

Question 16

what did the enclosures do

Answer 16

suited the wealthy landowners

Question 17

which people were allowed to use the land

Answer 17

landowners

Question 18

common land became …

Answer 18

private properties

Question 19

which people suffered with enclosure movement and what happened to them

Answer 19

small farmers
farm laborers
were left homeless and poor
moved from rural areas to growing industrial towns to find work as miners or factory workers

Question 20

in the 18th century how did they keep the land fertile

Answer 20

used 3 field crop rotation

farmers let one field fallow each year and did not plant the same crop 2 years running

Question 21

what is a cottage industry

Answer 21

products made at home; in a cottage
handicrafts done at home by peopl who lived in farmong villages

Question 22

some people took on a second job like…

Answer 22

weaving woolen cloth in their homes

Question 23

most of the people involved in the cottage industry were…
why did they do it

Answer 23

the wives of the farm laborers
needed to earn extra money to add on to their husbands wages

Question 24

what was one of the oldest cottage industries in England

Answer 24

making woollen cloth for clothing

Question 25

process of making woollen cloth

Answer 25

merchant or trader would buy the raw material (fleece or wool of a sheep) from a farmer women would prepare wool using strong brushes spinsters (women) would spin and comb the wool into a thread weavers (men) would use had looms to weave the spun wool into cloth fuller (man) would trample the cloth in a kind of clay (fullers earth)to shrink and soften cloth merchant paid different crafts people for their work. he would take the finished cloth and make a profit

Question 26

what is the industrial revolution

Answer 26

period from 1750 to 1850 where changes in Agriculture, Manufacturing, Mining, Transportation and Technology had affect on the social and economic conditions

Question 27

where did the industrial revolution start

Answer 27

Britain spread through western europe and the rest of the world

Question 28

define manufacture

Answer 28

to make things using machines

Question 29

name some changes during the industrial revolution

Answer 29

machines factories power and energy mining transportation

Question 30

why were the first machines invented

Answer 30

to manufacture cloth (woollen cloth and cotton cloth)

Question 31

woollen cloth is made from

Answer 31

sheeps wool

Question 32

cotton cloth is made from

Answer 32

cotton grown on slave plantations in America

Question 33

example of machine that was created

Answer 33

power loom

Question 34

another name for factories

Answer 34

land buildings

Question 35

why were factories built

Answer 35

new machines were built and they were too big to fit into peoples houses

Question 36

name some inventions that were created in the cloth industry and explain

Answer 36

SPINNING JENNY 1764 James Hargreaves spun many threads at the same time WATER FRAME 1769 Richard Arkwright used water to drive spinning machines POWER LOOM 1785 Edmund Cartwright could weave very fast

Question 37

from before the industrial revolution Britain had a...

Answer 37

river transport system

Question 38

what happened in 1761

Answer 38

first of many canals were built to link up rivers to make a waterway system

Question 39

what happened by 1800

Answer 39

there were about 5000km of canal in england

Question 40

what was mined before the industrial revolution

Answer 40

coal and iron ore

Question 41

what were steam pumps used for

Answer 41

pump water out of mines so that miners could dig deeper

Question 42

where were factories built

Answer 42

near coal and iron ore mines

Question 43

what are barges and what were they used for

Answer 43

flat bottomed boats used to carry goods along the canals pulled by horses

Question 44

where did goods made in factories have to be transported to

Answer 44

seaports

Question 45

before the industrial revolution people and goods were transported...

Answer 45

along dirt roads by coaches and wagons pulled by horses

Question 46

who invented tarmac roads

Answer 46

John MacAdam