The industrial revolution in Britain and southern Africa from 1860**

Question 1

what is indentured labour

Answer 1

workers who are on contract to work for a certain time at a certain wage

Question 2

when did the british take over natal as a colony

Answer 2

1843

Question 3

why did people grow sugar cane in the natal

Answer 3

the soil and warm climate was good for growing sugar cane

Question 4

what was sugar used for

Answer 4

sweeten drinks and food

Question 5

what happened in the 1850s

Answer 5

british farmers from the indian ocean arrived in natal to grow sugar cane

Question 6

what was india back in the days

Answer 6

collection of many states

Question 7

what happened in 1784

Answer 7

british government took over indian land

Question 8

reasons why labour was imported

Answer 8

plenty of labour was needed to grow, harvest and prepare sugar cane for crushing and boiling

Question 9

what other jobs were there on big plantations

Answer 9

zulu people kept cattle and grew crops

Question 10

explain when people became free

Answer 10

after working for 5 years , the workers could re-indenture or get discharge certificates and become free. they could go to india or settle and find other jobs

Question 11

where did most indentured workers come from

Answer 11

southern india
hindu
spoke tamil or telegu

others also came from bengal

Question 12

what form of transport were indentured workers brought with

Answer 12

boats

Question 13

sugar mills used…

Answer 13

steam power

Question 14

where does sugar cane originally come from

Answer 14

india and south east asia

Question 15

name 2 things employers did for workers

Answer 15

provide them with free housing
-thatched huts
-corrugated iron structures
-later, brick houses joined together were built

food rations
-staple food in india = rice
-mielie meal was sometimes given

Question 16

more than….indentured indian adults, mainly between the ages of… and… came to natal between … and …

ratio of men to women
… : …

Answer 16

152 000
20
30
1860
1911
7
3

Question 17

mahatma gandhi came to southern africa in… as a …

Answer 17

1893
lawyer

Question 18

why were they called passenger indians, where did they come from and what language and religion and what did they come to do

Answer 18

paid for their passage on ships to natal themselves
mauritius and western india
gujarati
muslim
trade and open shops

Question 19

why are diamonds valuable

Answer 19

hardest and purest mineral on earth
rare
when they are cut and polished they become beautiful gemstones that reflect light

Question 20

when and where were diamonds first discovered

Answer 20

3000 years ago
india

Question 21

what is a mineral

Answer 21

substance that is mined

Question 22

what is a carat

Answer 22

unit of measurement for precious stones

1 carat = 0,2g = 200 milligrams

Question 23

when and where was gold discovered

Answer 23

1886
witwatersrand

Question 24

the first diamond was found in… at …. along the banks of the …. and….

Answer 24

1867
hopetown
orange and vaal rivers

Question 25

in whose territories were diamonds found

Answer 25

thlaping and other tswana speaking groups
griqua
boer republic, orange free state
boer republic, transvaal
cape colony

Question 26

dispute

Answer 26

argument
difference of opinion

Question 27

when diamonds were discovered in the northern cape, and argument began on who owned the land

it was important to decide things like ……

Answer 27

who was responsible for keeping law and order
who should provide sanitation and water
who should have the right to give away claims
how many claims would one person own
who should pay tax to whom

Question 28

explain the keate award

Answer 28

in 1871, RW Keate, was the judge in a legal court case to decide on the ownership of the diamond fields. Keate decided that the Griqua had the strongest case and awarded the whole area to them.

Question 29

what was RW Keate

Answer 29

lieutenant governor of natal

Question 30

what is a claim

Answer 30

the piece of land which a digger claimed as a place he would be allowed to dig for diamonds

Question 31

what was the biggest of these dry diggings called

Answer 31

new rush and later became known as the kimberly mine or the big hole

Question 32

what was the big hole of the kimberly mine before

Answer 32

site of an extinct volcano

Question 33

how many claims was one person allowed

Answer 33

1

Question 34

2/3s of people who came to diamond field were…
the other 1/3 was…

Answer 34

black (southern africa)
white (australia, britain and america)

Question 35

the deeper the mine …

Answer 35

the more difficult it became to pull buckets of soil and gravel out of the mine

Question 36

IDB

Answer 36

illicit diamond buying
illegal buying and selling of diamonds

Question 37

what is kimberly’s population

Answer 37

25 000

Question 38

what did they do to limit stealing of diamonds

Answer 38

black workers were made to live in closed compounds throughout the whole term of their contracts

Question 39

what happened during a depression

Answer 39

businesses close down
people lose their jobs
cost of living increases
people have less money to buy luxury goods

Question 40

what is amalgamation

Answer 40

joining together of companies

Question 41

tell me about cecil john rhodes

Answer 41

came to southern africa in 1870 when he was 17
businessman
made a lot of money from pumping company

Question 42

tell me about barney barnato

Answer 42

born in the poor part of london
left school when he was 14
original name: Barnett Isaacs
worked as a bouncer, singer, juggler and comedian
soon became a diamond buyer
bought kimberley mine

Question 43

what is a monopoly

Answer 43

to have all the power in an industry

Question 44

Rhodes controlled the … company
barnato controlled the… company

Answer 44

De Beers
Kimberley central mining

Question 45

what jobs did the men do

Answer 45

work at the mill where cane was boiled

Question 46

what work did the women do

Answer 46

helping out in the fields
looking after children
cooking
wash clothes
grow vegetables