the scramble for africa ^^ Flashcards
what did europeans do from the 15th century
explore continents outside of europe in search of trade and profit
what did the europeans develop during the european renaissance
new technologies of navigation
better ships
better weapons
the european countries did not only explore and trade but they also …
conquered and colonised on every continent
what is colonialism
the occupation and control of one nation by another
what did the colonisation of africa became known as
the scramble of africa
what is to scramble
defination
compete in a crazy manner in order to get something that other people want
in 1914 which countries had helped themselves to the whole african continent
britain
france
portugal
germany
belgium
italy
spain
which countries were still independent
ethiopia
liberia
up until when was africa ruled by africans
19th century
….% of africa was owned by different countries in europe
98
what happened in 1884
otto von bismarck invited european powers to a big conference in berlin so that they can decide how they would divide up africa without fighting
britain, france and germany took the biggest pieces because they were the strongest european countries at that time
who was the german prime minister
otto von bismarck
what is the capital city of germany
berlin
what did king leopold ll of belgium think of africa
africa is a magnificent cake
what is an empire
a group of countries ruled by a single government
what are colonies
areas that europeans took over
what is colonisation
taking control of of land and the people living in it usually by force
process of taking over other countries
how many colonies was africa divided into
46
how many countries are there in africa
54
what was a turning point in African history
colonization of the Africa continent by European powers
the legacy of this colonization still affects Africa today
britain took over … …. … after germany was … in … … … and called it ….
German East Africa
Defeated
World War l
Tanganyika
tell me about the rivalries between different african leaders
> African kings and chiefs competed with each other to be the richest and most powerful
european powers persuaded some african leaders to side with them
main reasons for european colonisation in africa and explain
1.Search for raw materials and profits
>Europeans wanted to have direct control of raw materials
>They took over land. which they farmed for cash crops
>ivory, rubber, diamonds, gold, cotton, cocoa, coffee and vegetable oils were taken out of Africa and made into manufactured goods in europe
>factories in europe produced cloth, clothing, alchool, guns, knives and forks
- Growth of nationalism in Europe
>by the end of the 19th century european countries were fighting among themselves and competed to be the richest and most powerful nations __ nationalism
>they took over more land and became richer and strengthened their power - Christian missionaries
>they wanted to spread their beliefs and European customs among african people
>they called africa the dark continent
>they believed that white people were superior to black people
>they had a duty to bring light to the dark continent
>Jesus said: “ Go then, to all peoples everywhere and make them my disciples “
>They words are written in Matthew in the new testament - the discovery of quinine
>Europeans that tried to explore in Africa suffered and died from malaria when they were bitten by malaria carrying mosquitoes
>in the 1850s it was discovered that quinine was an effective treatment for malaria
>it reduced Europeans deaths from malaria by 4/5 ths
>quinine made it possible for European armies to go to highly infested malaria areas
what are cash crops
crops that are grown to be sold for a profit
what is a fact
something that is known to be true and can be proved to be correct
what is an opinion
shows how people feel about the facts
a belief someone has about a topic
what is immunity
resistance to disease
what is an epidemic
a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease . many people are infected at the same time
tell me about the disaster that happened after 1895
> there was a serious drought
caused by a sudden decline in rainfall
hardly any crops were produced
food shortage caused the death of many people and animals
a plague of locusts destroyed crops
the cattle plague (rinderpest) of the 1890s killed cattle, sheep and goats
95% of cattle in africa died
this resulted in the starvation and death of many people
people were weak and unable to fight against colonizing powers.
how would European countries take over land
used force and violence
why were africans not able to get the maxim gun
european countries made an agreement with eachother that they would not sell them to Africans
in the late 1890s africans were affected by …
smallpox epidemics
the european powers had the advantage of …
when was it invented
and what could it do
the maxim gun
in the 1880s
could fire 11 bullets a second
what happened when the Ashanti lost their independence
they were not given political rights in the gold coast
power was taken away from the Ashanti leaders
they were forced off their own land and onto farms or factories where they worked for low pay to make the British richer
they were forced to work for wages to pay taxes to the british colonial government
little money was spent on healthcare and education
what disadvantage did the indigenous population have with the smallpox epidemic
had no immunity or resistance
many became sick and many died
what did Britain spend more money on
railways and roads
so that they could get resources that they wanted as quickly as possible
legacy
lasting results or effects inherited from the past
turning point
a great change in the course of history
