The mineral Revolution in South Africa**

Question 1

1806

1843

1860

1867

1879

1884

1886

1899

1910

1912

1913

1914

1914

Answer 1

british occupation of the cape

natal came under british rule

boers who trekked into the interior established the orange free state and transvaal

discovery of diamonds

defeat of african kingdoms

berlin conference

discover of gold (witwatersrand)

south african war

union of south africa formed

ANC formed

Land act

indian satyagraha campaign

world war 1 broke out

Question 2

what is south africas industrial revolution called

Answer 2

mineral revolution

Question 3

what is the mineral revolution

Answer 3

changes that took place after the discovery of diamonds and discovery of gold

Question 4

by the time gold was discovered what happened to the african kingdoms

Answer 4

lost their independence

Question 5

what did the mineral revolution change south africa from

Answer 5

agricultural society to largest gold producing country

Question 6

what was johannesburg built on

Answer 6

gold mining industry

Question 7

johannesburg is also known as …

Answer 7

egoli meaning city of gold

Question 8

explain the name witwatersrand

Answer 8

afrikaans word
comes from small spruits or steams

in english witwatersrand means ridge of white waters

Question 9

name the 4 different states that were controlled by white people

Answer 9

cape colony
natal
transvaal
orange free state

Question 10

what is a prospector

Answer 10

someone who explores an area for mineral deposits such as diamonds or gold

Question 11

what is deep level mining

Answer 11

digging deeper to reach the gold

Question 12

what happened during the industrial revolution

Answer 12

transport changed
railway lines were built

Question 13

silicosis

Answer 13

deadly disease of the lungs that is caused by breathing in the dust from the drills underground

Question 14

tell me about the song shosholoza

Answer 14

became an inspirational song of protest during apartheid
is an unofficial south african national anthem sung at sporting events
helped miners cope with terrible conditions
traditional miners song
helped to cope with boredom and stress

Question 15

what were dangers miners faced

Answer 15

rock falls
accidents with dynamite explosives
health problems such as TB and silicosis

Question 16

do activity 4 on page 151

Question 17

tell me about mine owners

Answer 17

known as Randlords

provided money or capital to start a gold mine

planned carefully and made the best business decisions so that their business made a profit

Question 18

what happened in 1899

Answer 18

mine owners joined together to form a mine owners association called the chamber of mines

Question 19

the mine owners worked together to agree on how to deal with common problems such as…

Answer 19

how to find workers

how to keep wages as low as possible

how to persuade the government to pass laws in their interest

Question 20

what were migrant workers

Answer 20

workers who left home and travelled long distances to the mines

Question 21

why were they sometimes called men of 2 worlds

Answer 21

they went to cities away from home and another life in a rural area with their families

Question 22

explain where closed systems were used and why

Answer 22

used on kimberley diamond fields and gold mines on the witwatersrand to house black mine workers

Question 23

what methods did mine owners use to create, control and keep a supply of cheap labour

Answer 23

taxes
recruitment
contracts
pass laws

Question 24

explain taxes

Answer 24

africans had to pay a hut tax of R1 per year for every hut they lived in

every man over 18 years had to pay a poll tax of R2 a year

black unskilled workers were earning between 5c and 19c per day

Question 25

explain recruitment

Answer 25

chamber of mines introduced a recruiting system

they sent recruiting agents to the villages to encourage people to work for the mines

many african chiefs cooperated with these agents and were paid to recruit workers

Question 26

explain contracts

Answer 26

after a worker was recruited he had to sign a contract

contract stated how long the job would be

he had to stay on the mines until the contract expired

if the worker broke the contract he would be arrested, fined and sent to jail

length of the contact = 6 - 18 months

Question 27

explain pass laws

Answer 27

transvaal boer government was ready to cooperate with the chamber of mines as they made a lot of money from taxing the mining profits

a pass was another form of labour control

when a black man was looking for a job on the witwatersrand they he to have a document called a pass

allowed him to stay for 3 days to look for a job

if he did not find a job he had to leave or be forced to work on the mines

Question 28

look at page 148 to study a diagram of a gold mine

Question 29

what is ventilation

Answer 29

a way of circulating air so that people can breathe more easily

Question 30

examples of machine that was needed to run the mine

Answer 30

machines for sinking shafts
ventilation equipment
pumps to pump out the water

Question 31

what is ore

Answer 31

rock from which gold is extracted

Question 32

where did skilled miners come from

Answer 32

australia
america
eastern europe
britain
cornwall*

Question 33

gold standard meant that…

Answer 33

the price of gold was fixed

Question 34

mine workers came home months later with things like…[17]

Answer 34

pens
vests
watches
waistcoats
shirts
jackets
socks
boots
belt
brushes
combs
spoons
bedspreads
tablecloths
blankets
mirrors
cloth