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AP Psych > Pg 4-6 > Flashcards

Pg 4-6 Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

the endocrine systems’ most influential gland, under the influence of the hypothalamus, this regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

A

pituitary gland

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2
Q

an amplified recording of waves of electrical activity that sweeps across the brain’s surface, these waves are measured by electrodes placed on the skull

A

EEG

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3
Q

a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a certain task

A

PET

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4
Q

a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce a computer generated image that distinguishes between the types of soft tissue in the brain

A

MRI

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5
Q

connected to the base of the brain stem, controls our blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing

A

Medulla

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6
Q

screens incoming info, and filters out irrelevant info, controls arousal and attention

A

Reticular Formation

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7
Q

the brains sensory switchboard

A

Thalamus

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8
Q

above the medulla, makes chemical involved w/ sleep and facial expressions

A

Pons

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9
Q

the little brain attached to the rear of the brain stem, controls coordination, fire muscles movements and balance

A

Cerebellum

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10
Q

associated with emotions like aggression and fear and drives such as hunger, thirst, and sex (Hippocampus, hypothalamus, and amygdala)

A

Limbic system

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11
Q

part of the limbic system that is involved in emotions, aggression, and fear

A

Amygdala

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12
Q

controls the metabolic functions of body temp., sex arousal, hunger, thirst, motivation/emotions, and the endocrine system –> the 4 f’s

A

Hypothalamus

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13
Q

part of the limbic system involved in learning and memory

A

Hippocampus

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14
Q

at side of brain above ears invloved in memory, perception, hearing

A

Temporal Lobe

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15
Q

lower back part of brain involved with processing visual info –> vision

A

Occipital Lobe

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16
Q

top of brain, discriminates between textures and shapes

A

Peripheral Lobe

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17
Q

located under forehead, involved with complex cognitive functions

A

Frontal Lobe

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18
Q

studied the effects of stimulation on the motor cortex

A

William Penfield

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19
Q

first lobotomy after a rod goes through his head; gives psych info on part of brain involved w/ emotions and reasoning

A

Phineasa Gage

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20
Q

Directs muscle movements involved with speech

A

Broca’s Area

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21
Q

involved in language comprehension

A

Wernicke’s Area

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22
Q

brain’s ability to modify itself after some kind of injury/illness

A

Plasticity

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23
Q

corpus callosum cut, not allowing info to travel to other side of brain

A

Split Brain

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24
Q

Responsible for higher thinking function, connects two side of brain

A

Corpus Callosum

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25
logical, sequential tasks, solving math problems, verbal --> logical
Left hemisphere
26
Facial recognition, puzzle solver, emotional, artistic --> creative
Right Hemisphere
27
recieves info from skin surface and sense organs
sensory cortex
28
controls voluntary movements, on opposite side of body
motor cortex
29
lower brain, located at rear base of skull, responsible for reflective or automatic behaviors.
Hindbrain
30
Largest part of brain that controls what we think of as thoughts and reasons
Forebrain
31
located above Pons, integrates and relay sensory info to main part of brain
Midbrain
32
this occurs when positive ions enter the neuron, making it susceptible to fire an action potential
Depolarization
33
After a neuron has fired an action potential, it pauses for a short period to recharge, until it will fire again
Refractory period
34
the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
Threshold
35
a neural impulse that travels down the axon --> domino effect
Action potential
36
when the depolarized current exceeds the threshold of a neuron, it will fire unless it's below, causing it not to fire
all-or-none
37
neurotransmitters that can't find an area across the synapse to attach will be reabsorbed by the sending neurons
reuptake
38
activates motor neurons and skeletal muscles, too little = Alzheimer's
Acetylcholine
39
contributes to voluntary movements and pleasurable emotions, lack of it causes Parkinson's as too much causes schizophrenia.
Dopamine
40
natural pain killers created by brain, promotes pain relief, like morphine
Endorphins
41
involved in mood, regulation of sleep, appetite, and body temp, to little leads to depression as too much contributes to OCD and mania
Serotonin
42
affects memory, learning, and contribute to changes in mood, undersupply leads to depression
Norepinephrine
43
info processes guided by higher level mental processes, recognizing face & T/-\E C/-\T (I read 'the cat' no thinking)
Top-down processing
44
analysis of the stimulus begins w/ the sense receptor and works up to brain, /-\ (I see something, oh it's an A)
bottom-up processing
45
minimum difference between two stimulus required for detection 50% of the time
JND
46
Smelling
Olfaction
47
focus of attention on selected aspects of the environment and block out the rest
Cocktail party phenomenon
48
comparing the information from each eyeball, the greater difference
Retinal disparity
49
the conversation of one form of energy into another, translates the incoming stimuli into a neural singal
transduction
50
process visual info into neural impulses
retina
51
protects and bends incoming light rays/ focus
cornea
52
focus light rays on the retina (accommodation)
lens
53
controls the pupil's size
iris
54
central point (only cones) and see color
foves
55
adjusts opening to let in light
pupil
56
point at which there are no rods/cones
Blind spot
57
carries neural impulse to the brain
optic nerve
58
detect black, white, and gray (peripheral and night vision)
rods
59
detect color (l=fine detail) (mainly located in fovea)
Cones
60
the processing of several aspects of a problem, simultaneously
parallel processing
61
we have three types of cones in the retina: red, blue, green: we get other colors by mixing and lightening/darkening colors
Young-Helmholtz theory
62
the sensory receptors arranged in the retina come in pairs: red/green, yellow/blue, and black/white
Opponent Process Theory
63
the firing of the cones used after viewing something steadily
afterimage
64
process to tell if a baby has a sense of depth
visual cliff
65
loudness, measure in decibels
intensity
66
the pitch, a tone's highness/lowness
frequency
67
sound waves collected Source --> Ear canal --> eardrum (thin membrane that vibrates when hit)
outer ear
68
Transmits and amplifies the vibration Hammer --> Anvil --> Stirrup --> Oval window
Middle ear
69
Change to neural impulse Cochlea (snail shaped membrane filled w/ fluid that changes vibration to an electric symbol) --> Auditory Nerve --> Brain
Inner ear
70
If one sense is deprived, another will become stronger, ie. --> blind people have very good hearing
Sensory deprivation
71
after a while of constant stimulation, will stop detecting sense, ie. --> watch or bandage
sensory adaption
72
sense of body position and movement, balance
vestibular sense
73
a mental predisposition to see one thing rather than another
perpectual set
74
an organized whole, put all individual pieces together to get a big picure
gestalt
75
objects that are close together are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group
Proximity
76
objects that are similar in appearance are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group
Similarity
77
objects that form a continuous form are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group
continuity
78
objects that make up recognizable imagine are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group
closure
79
objects with similar size, shape and brightness are considered a set
constancy
80
gain ability to think about the way you think --> self-evaluation
metacognition
81
founder of classical conditioning while trying to study digestive system
Isaac Pavlov
82
Learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli
Classical Conditioning
83
stimuli that does not trigger a response
NS
84
stimuli that automatically triggers a response
UCS
85
an unlearned, natural response to the UCS
UCR
86
after association with the UCS, elicits a certain response
CS
87
the learned response to a previously neutral response
CR

AP Psych (12 decks)

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