Pg 7-9 Flashcards by Abby Barajas

initial stage of CC, in which the association between the NS and UCS takes place, only lasts about 1/2 a second

Acquisition

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Tendency to respond to similar stimuli in the same way

Generalization

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the learned ability to distinguish between the CS and other stimuli

Discrimination

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the reappearing of the CR to the CS

Spontaneous Recovery

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The fading of the CR to the CS

Extinction

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found the effects of radiation on rats (taste aversion)

John Garcia

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consequences that follow a beh will increase/decrease likelihood of them happening again

Operant conditioning

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Founder of operant conditioning and skinner box

Skinner

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procedure in which reinforces guide beh through successful approximates

Shaping

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add good - reinforcing beh by rewarding, give allowence

positive reinforcement

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take away bad - reinforcing beh by eliminating averse thing

negative reinforcement

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add bad - reinforcing beh by adding pain/penalty/etc.

positive punishment

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take away good - reinforcing beh by take away phone/keys/etc.

Negative Punishment

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stimuli that is satisfying and requires no learning -> food/water/sex

Primary reinforces

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stimuli that has acquired its reinforcing power thru experiences -> money/praise/grades

Secondary reinforces

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reinforces beh ever time it happens

continuous

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random number of responses -> slot machine

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after a set number of responses -> buy one, get one free

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After a random time -> fishing

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after a set rate of time -> pay check every 2 weeks

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Learn thru watching

Bandura

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after seeing a parent aggressive, child is more likely aggressive - Tv violence

BOBO dolls

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a clear memory of an emotionally significant event : 911, JFK

Flashbulb Memory

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changing the info into storable content

encoding

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placing info into a storage spot for use later

storage

getting the info out of storage

retrieval

the more time we spend learning info, the longer we remember it

Ebbingham

tendency to recall the first and last items of a list

Serial position effect

tendency to recall the first terms of list

Primary effect

tendency to recall the last terms of list

Recency effect

ways of remembering info by using creative memory techniques

Mnemonic devices

putting many number into parts, change 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 to 123,456,789 (Made 9 things into 3 to remember easier)

Chunking

the immediate, very brief recording of sensory info

Sensory memory

visual info/memory

iconic

auditory info/memory

echoic

short term memory -temporary memory storage

STM

long term memory - an almost endless amount of storage ability

LTM

memory of the procedure - how to ride a bike

Implicit

memory of facts - George Washinton is the first pres

Explicit

inability to make new memories

anterograde amnesia

inability to remember memories prior to accident

retrograde amnesia

inability to remember who told you memory

source amnesia

inability to remember anything before the age of 3

infantile amnesia

retrieval of info already learned - fill in the blanks test

recall

identify info already learned - multiple choice

recognition

old info interferes w/ new info

proactive interference

new info interfere w/ old info

retroactive interference

pushing a memory to the back of mind - cannot be retrieved

Repression

physiological needs (food, water) -> safety needs (security, shelter) -> belongingness needs (friends, family, community) -> esteem needs (achievement, flattery for mastery) -> self actualization

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

the motivation to achieve one's full potential

self-actualization

Excitement -> Plateau -> Orgasm -> Resolution

Sexual response cycle

the resting period after an orgasm in which one cannot be achieved

refractory period

a tendency to maintain a balance or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspects of body chemistry

Homeostasis

the process by which we respond to certain events that we appraise as threatening or challenging

stress

General Adaptation Syndrome - made by Hans Selye responses to stress - alarm -> resistance -> exhaustion (very vulnerable to disease)

GAS

desire to perform beh for own sake

intrinsic motivation

desire to perform beh for reward at end

extrinsic motivation

eating a large amount of food then purging it up

bulimia

not eating food at all

anorexia

overeating and gaining excessive amount of weight

obesity

physiological need creates aroused tension states (drives) that motivate an organism to satisfy that need

Drive Reduction Theory

experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological response to emotionally arousing stimuli (stimuli then response then emotion)

James-Lange Thy

emotionally arousing stimuli simultaneously trigger both a physiological response and emotion (stimuli then response and emotion)

Cannon-Bard Thy

Emotion must be physically aroused and cognitively labeled before emotion (stimuli then response and label then emotion)

Schacter and Singer/ 2 factor thy

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

consciousness

the info about yourself and your enviro. you are currently aware of

conscious level

body processes controlled by your mind that we are not aware of (heartbeat, respiration, and digestion)

nonconsious level

info that we are not completely aware of but we know exists due to our beh

subconscious level

info about yourself and enviro. that you are currently not thinking about

Preconscious level

reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories in which we are ashamed of, that why we repressed them

unconscious level

alpha waves; onset of sleep; twilight

Stage 1

small bursts of activities - spindles, nonrem sleep

stage 2

sections of delta waves; hard to wake up; wet bed and sleep walk in this one and next one

Stage 3

all delta waves - deep sleep, growth

stage 4

rapid eye movement, paradoxical sleep

REM sleep

a scary dream that wakes up the child

nightmare

a high-arousal dream that terrifies a child due to the fact that it occurs in stage 4, your most relaxed

night terror

reoccurring difficulties either falling asleep or staying asleep

insomnia

uncontrollable sleep attacks, person randomly collapses into REM sleep

Narcolepsy

temporary cessation of breathing during sleep

Sleep apnea

sleep walking

somnambulism

"the highway to the unconscious", sequences of images, emotions, and thoughts passing though a sleeping person's mind

dreams

the storyline of the dream

manifest content

the underlying meaning of the dream

latent content

a social interaction in which one person suggests to another person that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or beh will spontaneously occur

hypnosis

excite, by causing neurotransmitter to hit multiple times

agonists

inhibits, by blocking neurotransmitters

antagonists

Pg 7-9 Flashcards

(87 cards)