Pharma Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
For insomnia/ sedation
A
Barbital
2
Q
Pede barbital sa pregnant?
A
No
3
Q
Block Dopamine receptors in the CNS and SAN
A
ANTI-PSYCHOTICS/NEUROLEPTICS
4
Q
Reduce adrenergic neurotransmitter level in cerebral tissues
A
ANTI-MANIC AGENTS/ MOOD STABILIZERS
5
Q
Normal Lithium:
A
0.5-1.5 mEq/L
6
Q
How to Take anti manic/ mood stabilizers medication
A
Take medication with meals
7
Q
Action of agonist is blocked
A
Competitive antagonist
8
Q
Action of agonist is reduced
A
NonCompetitive agonist
9
Q
Receptors of adrenergic
A
Alpha 1,2 and Beta 1,2
10
Q
An Enzyme that blocks acetylcholine
A
Cholinesterase
11
Q
If there’s no cholinesterase, release of what?
A
Acetylcholine
12
Q
Kulang sa NE, DOPA, 5HT that leads to depression, theory?
A
Biogenic amine theory
13
Q
3 amines
A
Norepi
Dopa
5HT
14
Q
Enzyme that destroys amines
A
Mono amine oxidase
15
Q
2 types pede mangyari sa enzymes
A
Break down
Reuptake
16
Q
Release of active ingredient
A
Liberation
17
Q
Process where drugs goes to blood stream
A
Absorption
18
Q
Process where drugs goes to Target tissues
A
Distribution
19
Q
Enzyme sa liver aids in metabolism
A
Cytochrome p450
20
Q
Drugs becomes less toxic/active when metabolized by liver
A
First Pass Effect
21
Q
What route that bypasses the first pass effect
A
IV
22
Q
Amount of drug
A
Dose
23
Q
TIME, frequency
SCHEDULE
A
24
Q
level of drug in the blood which produces a therapeutic effect
A
CRITICAL CONCENTRATION
25
Carbidopa to levodopa ratio
1:4
26
Y not give direct dopamine sa parkinsons and bat levodopa
Ldopa crosses blood brain barrier thru decarboxylase
27
DOPAMINERGICs of Parkinsons (DDMCN)
§ DOPAMINE PRECURSORS
§ DOPAMINE RECEPTOR AGONISTS
§ MAO-B INHIBITORS
§ CATECHOL-O-METHYL TRANSFERASE
( COMT ) INHIBITORS
§ NMDA-TYPE GLUTAMATE ANTAGONIST
28
Scopolamine cholinergic or adrenergic
Adrenergic
29
Doc for motion sickness and post op NV
SCOPOLAMINE
30
Origin of sympathetic
thoracolumbar
31
Origin of PARASYMPATHETIC
craniosacral
32
Termination of Impulse ng sympa
MAO COMT/catecholamines
33
Termination of ImpuLSE ng parasympa
Cholinesterase
34
doc for
Hypotension, dilate pupils upon eye exam
PHENYLEPHRINE
35
PHENYLEPHRINE SE
REFLEX BRADYCARDIA
HPN
36
Phenylephrine class
ALPHA 1
37
Drugs of Alpha 2
Clonidine
Methyldopa
38
the amount of drug administered to reach the critical concentration
RECOMMENDED DOSE
39
RIGHT DOSE + RIGHT TIME
RECOMMENDED DOSE
40
CURE
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT
41
favorable response after a treatment of any kind
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT
42
initial dose,immediate response
LOADING DOSE
43
time it takes for a drug to become half of its previously peaked leveL
HALF LIFE/ T1/2
44
Corresponds to frequency/timing
Half life
45
Higher than recommended dose
Loading dose
46
Chemicals acting as messengers
Neurotransmitters
47
neurotransmitter of SNS
Aka adrenergic Nervous system
Neurotransmitter of PNS
NE
Sympathetic nervous system
acetylcholine
48
What neurotransmitter sympa and parasympathetic in pre ganglion
What neurotransmitter of sympa and parasympathetic in post ganglion
Ach
Kung ano na neurotransmitter assigned sa kanila
49
What Disorder if dec Ach
What Disorder if inc Ach
What disorder if dec NE/E
What disorder if inc NE/E
Alzheimer
Bipolar
Depression
Schizo and Mania
50
What disorder if dec Dopamine
What disorder if inc Dopamine
What disorder if inc serotonin
Inhibitory transmitter used in seizure
Parkinsons
Schizo
Schizo
GABA
51
Aka CHOLINERGIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
PNS
52
Basta alpha 2 response inc or dec?
Dec
53
Clonidine SE
orthostatic Hypotension
54
Anti HPN drugs na pede sa pregnant and post partum
Methyldopa
55
Drug for chronic Hypotension
SE
Midodrine
HPN
56
non selective adrenergic agonist
Norepi
57
Drug for hypotension and cardiac arrest
Norepi
58
Beta 1 Adrenergic Agonist
Dobutamine
59
Drug for HF and cardiogenic shock
, a synthetic dopamine
Dobutamine
60
Drugs ng Beta 2 adrenergic
* -terol/tamol
* Terbutaline
* Isoxsuprine
61
Drugs ng Beta 2 adrenergic
* -terol/tamol
* Terbutaline
* Isoxsuprine
62
ALBUTEROL SE
palpitations and tremors
63
SABA duration and onset
6h, 5 min
64
A tocolytic for premature labor
Terbutaline
65
Tocolytic for premature labor, and for dysmenorrhea
ISOXSUPRINE
66
2 LABA drugs
Formoterol and Salmeterol
67
Laba, prophylaxis
SALMETEROL
68
LABA duration and onsent
12h duration, <3 min
69
Doc for HPN crisis dt PHEochromocytoma and MAO
PHENTOLAMINE
70
Drug for extravasation of adrenergic drugs
Phentolamine
71
ALPHA ADRENERGIC ANTAGONIST non selective
PHENTOLAMINE
72
ALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC ANTAGONIST drugs
-osin
73
Drug for HPN and BPH
Doxazosin and Terazosin
74
Doc for Tachycardia in Hyperthyroidism
PROPRANOLOL
75
Doc for stage fright
PROPRANOLOL
76
Beta adrenergic blockers drugs
BETA 1-SELECTIVE ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS
-olol
BEAM (BISOPROLOL, BETAXOLOL, ESMOLOL, ACEBUTOLOL, ATENOLOL, METOPROLOL)
77
Doc FOR MOST USED IN PREG FOR BP AND Inc PLAcental Blood Flow
LABETALOL
78
Long term drug for MG
Drug that suppress immune response in MG
NEOSTIGMINE
CORTICOSTEROIDS
79
Doc for alzheimers (RDT)
Rivastigmine
Donezepil
Tacrine
80
Drug for neurogenic atony of bladder
Bethanicol bawal sa anong disorder
Bethanicol cholinergic or adrenergic
Bethanicol
PUD, INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Cholinergic
81
AntispasmoDIC, antimuscarinic and for hyperactive bowel
Blocks acetylcholine (contract)
block the cholinergic receptors
DICYCLOMINE
Anti cholinergic
Anti cholinergic
82
Carbidopa instruction
Taking levodopa instruction
Take on an empty stomach
No taking of CHON and Pyridoxine (Vit B6)- decreases effects ng ldopa
83
Vit b6 is taken with what drug to prevent peripheral neuropathy
decreases the amount of levodopa needed to reach a therapeutic level in the brain; reducing adverse side effects
Role of carbidopa sa parkinsons
Isoniazid
Carbidopa
Blocks decarboxylase so no levodopa sa periphery then tagos sa blood brain barrier pero sya di maga pass thru sa blood brain barrier hanggang periphery lang sya not brain
84
BBT—First Generation INTRANASAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS
FC——Second Generation INTRANASAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS
Beclomethasone
Budesonide
Triamcinolone
Fluticasone propionate
Ciclesonide
85
Glucocorticoids blocks?
NSAIDS blocks?
Ingredient in crystal meth causing rebound congestion
Arachidonic acid and histamine
Prostaglandin
Pseudoephedrines
86
Drugs for asthma na directly sa bronchial smooth muscle and Longer duration than beta 2 but less effective
instruction
SE
Narrow therapeutic window
Methylxanthines
W food/milk
palpitation and tremors
5-15 mcg/dl
87
Drugs for asthma na SABA/emergency inhales
Drugs for asthma na anticholinergic, off label use of asthma kasi more on COPD
IPRATROPIUM SE
Terol and terbutaline
IPRATROPIUM
Dry mouth, irritation of pharynx
88
Reduce adhesiveness and surface tension of URT fluid and removes mucous fluid
EXPECTORANTS
89
2 DOPAMINE RECEPTOR AGONISTS
Bromocriptine, Pergolide
90
block receptors for dopamine in the striatum and dec therapeutic effects of levodopa
hypertensive crisis
First Generation Antipsychotics
MAO inhibitors
91
Methylxanthines 1st sx and how many mcg
Late sx?
Antidote?
Nausea >20 mgc/dl
Tremor >30
None, diuretic lang to excrete
92
produced by the adrenal CORTex in body
• can be given as meds by;
• Inhaled, oral, IV
• Uses:
• prevent asthma attacks
• given on fixed schedule not prn
• suppress inflammation
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
93
__ promotes smooth muscle constriction and inflammatory response
•added on when glucocorticoids aren’t enough
•Adverse effects:
Leukotrienes
LEUKOTRIENE INHIBITORS
•Neuropsychiatric effects and Mild GI distress
94
__ promotes smooth muscle constriction and inflammatory response
•added on when glucocorticoids aren’t enough
•Adverse effects:
Leukotrienes
LEUKOTRIENE INHIBITORS
•Neuropsychiatric effects and Mild GI distress
95
DRUGS FOR ANGINA PECTORIS
Nitrates
CCB
Beta blockers
96
Anong nitrates lang short acting
NITROGLYCERINE
97
NTG patches:
effects
applied into
Rotate sites to prevent?
24/7?
If nagkatolerance gagawin
Drug interaction
30-60 mins
hairless skin, if hairy trim lang
Skin irritation
Tolerance
10-12h/day in evening nitrate free
Hypotensive drugs, Sildenadil (phosphodiesterase type 5), beta blockers and CCB—tachycardia
98
Relaxes vasospasm of coronary artery and doc for prinzmetal/variant angina
CCB
99
Most potent CCB
Nifedipine
100
Contra of CCB
Grapefruit(exacerbate/ toxicity)—bradycardia and hypotension
101
CCB SE
Consti, hyporeflexia, wkness
102
Doc for chronic angina
Ranolazine
103
An opiod agonist for mod to severe pain na bawal sa may ICP and suspected head injury
Morphine
104
Antidote of morphine (resp depression)
Nalaxone (narcan)
105
LOW-MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN
ENOXAPARIN
106
ANTIPLATELETS (blood thinners)
THROMBOLYTICS
ANTICOAGULANTS
ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC (fibrin/clot)
ANTIPLATELETS (blood thinners)
- ASPIRIN
- CLOPIDOGREL
- TICLOPIDINE
- DIPYRIDAMOL
THROMBOLYTICS
-ase
ANTICOAGULANTS
- WARFARIN
- HEPARIN
ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC (fibrin/clot)
- AMINOCAPROIC ACID
- TRANEXAMIC ACID
107
Therapeutic margin of warfarin
PT?
1.5-2 times normal
9-12 sec
108
anong bloodvessels target ng antiplatelet? Anticoagulant?
THROMBOLYTIC aka
ACTIVATE THE CONVERSION OF PLASMINOGEN TO PLASMIN
Arteries
Veins and L atrium
Fibrinolytics
THROMBOLYTIC
109
Therapeutic margin of heparin
THROMBOLYTIC golden hr
1.5-2.5 times normal
3h or mas sooner
110
1. Amount of blood ejected per MINUTE
2. Amount of blood ejected per STROKE or BEAT
BP formula
1. average pressure through out each cycle of the heartbeat
2. Normal value
3. Formula
CO
SV
BP= HRxSVxTPR or COxTPR
Mean Arterial Pressure
70-100 mmHg
SBP + 2(DBP)/ 3
111
ACE SE and contra sa
ARBS SE
* Angiodedema
* Cough
* Elevated K
Lung probs
ARBS SE
Angioedema and Elevated K
112
SE OF DIURETICS:
MC USE DIURETIC:
SE OF DIURETICS:
HYPERGLYCEMIA, HYPERURICEMIA, HYPOK
MC USE DIURETIC:
THIAZIDE
113
Significance of MAP
Tissue perfusion
114
INDIRECT ACTING VASODILATOR
CCBs na nasa heart ang action
INDIRECT ACTING VASODILATOR
CCB
CCBs na nasa heart ang action
Diltiazem and Verapamil
dipines sa bv
115
5G’s bawal sa warfarin
5G’s bawal sa warfarin:
Green leafy bc contains vit k
Ginger
Ginko
Ginseng
Garlic
116
Centrally acting Alpha 2?
Centrally acting Alpha 2?
Clonidine
117
FIRST LINE DRUGS FOR HPN
2ND LINE?
3rd line?
FIRST LINE DRUGS FOR HPN:
ACE, ARBS, THIAZIDES
2ND LINE?
BB, CC
3rd line?
VASODILATORS
118
First line tx of DM 2
OHA (Metformin)
119
GI DRUGS:
* 3 antacids:
* Histamine 2 antagonists:
* PPI:
* Cytoprotectives:
* Prostaglandin:
GI DRUGS:
* 3 antacids: Al hydroxide, Mag Hydroxide, Magaldrate
* Histamine 2 antagonists: -tidine
* PPI: -prazole
* Cytoprotectives: sucralfate
* Prostaglandin: misoprostol
120
1st line tx for DM:
2nd line tx for DM:
1st line tx for DM: insulin
2nd line tx for DM: inhaled salbutamol
121
Oral anti diabetic meds
* Sulfunylureas 1st and 2nd gen:
* Meglitinides:
* Thiazolidinediones:
Oral anti diabetic meds
* Sulfunylureas 1st and 2nd gen: 1st gen (-mide), 2nd gen (gli-)
* Meglitinides: -glinide
* Thiazolidinediones: -glitazone
122
Oral anti diabetic meds
* Biguanides:
* Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor:
* SGT2 Inhibitor:
Oral anti diabetic meds
* Biguanides: metformin
* Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor: Acarbose, Miglitol
* SGT2 Inhibitor: -gliflozin
123
Which class is:
1. Seen in Pancreas
2. Seen sa liver
3. Seen in kidneys:
4. More insulin production:
Which class is:
1. Seen in Pancreas
Sulfunylureas and Meglitinides (SM)
2. Seen sa liver
Thiazolidinediones and Biguanides (TB)
3. Seen in kidneys: SGLT-2
4. More insulin production: Sulfunylureas
124
Which class is:
1. More insulin secretion:
2. Dec hepatic glucose production:
3. Increases insulin sensitivity:
4. Delay absorption of ingested CHON:
Which class is:
1. More insulin secretion: Meglitinides
2. Dec hepatic glucose production: Thiazolidinediones
3. Increases insulin sensitivity: Biguanides
4. Delay absorption of ingested CHON: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
125
Serious SE ng biguanides:
SE of SGLT-2:
Serious SE ng biguanides: LACTIC ACID
SE of SGLT-2: WT LOSS, UTI
126
Anong drugs pag combined w metformin maga lead to lactic acidosis
Lactic acidosis early sx
Anong drugs pag combined w metformin maga lead to lactic acidosis
1. Cimetidine
2. Alcohol
3. Iodine based contrast dye
Lactic acidosis early sx
1. Drowsiness
2. Hyper ventilation
3. Myalgia
127
Lactic acidosis w metformin to do:
Need mag iodine contrast dye but ur taking metformin, intervention:
Lactic acidosis w metformin to do: hold, notify
Need mag iodine contrast dye but ur taking metformin, intervention: hold met 48h before and 48h after ng procedure. do not restart unless kidney fxn test is at baseline
128
SE of the ff:
* Sulfunylureas:
* Meglitinides:
* Thiazolidinediones:
* Biguanides:
* Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor:
* SGT2 Inhibitor:
SE of the ff:
* Sulfunylureas: hypogly
* Meglitinides: hypogly
* Thiazolidinediones: water retention
* Biguanides: GI disturbances
* Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor: GI sx
* SGT2 Inhibitor: none
129
Adv effects of Insulin
Med for hypolgy that Stimulates glycogenolysis sa liver:
Adv effects of Insulin
- Hypogly
- Headache
- Excessive hunger
- Tachycardia
Med for hypolgy that Stimulates glycogenolysis sa liver: glucagon
130
Hypogly ano bibigay
* Unconscious:
Hypogly ano bibigay
* 15:15 rule (15 g FAC check after 15 mins)
* Unconscious: glucagon
131
- Insulin san ilalagay:
- Bawal inject na malamig pa bc:
- Consumed/ di naubos gagawin:
- Insulin san ilalagay: ref or room temp
- Bawal inject na malamig pa bc: lipodystrophy
- Consumed/ di naubos gagawin: store muna make sure mauubos within 30 days
132
HYPERThyroidism meds
* Blocks production:
* inhibits iodination/ release:
* destroyes thyroid gland permanently:
* Beta blocker used:
HYPERThyroidism meds
* Blocks production: THIONAMIDES
* inhibits iodination/ release: IODIDE SALTS
* destroyes thyroid gland permanently: RADIOACTIVE IODINE
* Beta blocker used: PROPANOLOL
133
THIONAMIDES
- FOR PREGNANT:
- SE IS AGRANULOCYTOSIS:
THIONAMIDES
- FOR PREGNANT: PTU
- SE IS AGRANULOCYTOSIS: METHIMAZOLE
134
EX OF IODIDE SALTS NA NAGPAPA EUTHYROID:
EX OF IODIDE SALTS NA NAGPAPA EUTHYROID: LUGOL’s SOL.
135
LUGOL’s SOL. Instruction:
STRAW BC METALLIC TASTE
136
RADIOACTIVE IODINE
* Need ito to prevent hypothyroidism:
* definitive tx for hyperthyroidism:
* SE:
Med na nagpapa inc ng thyroid—> thyroid storm:
RADIOACTIVE IODINE
* Need ito to prevent hypothyroidism: thyroid replacement
* definitive tx for hyperthyroidism: yes (GRAVE’S DSE)
* SE: infertility
Med na nagpapa inc ng thyroid—> thyroid storm: ASPIRIN
137
HYPOTHYROIDISM MEDS
* targets T4:
* Targets T3:
* Targets T4&T3:
HYPOTHYROIDISM MEDS
* targets T4: levothyroxine
* Targets T3: liothyronine
* Targets T4&T3: liotrix and thyroid hormone
138
ANTIMICROBIAL CLASS NA NARROW SPECTRUM:
ANTIMICROBIAL CLASS NA NARROW SPECTRUM: AMINOGLYCOSIDE (GRAM-)
139
ANTIMIROBIALS
* FOR GRAM + AND GRAM -:
* FOLIC ACID INHIBITORS:
* NUCLEIC ACID INHIBITORS:
* Cell wall inhibitors:
ANTIMIROBIALS
* FOR GRAM + AND GRAM -: GLAM (glycopeptides, Lincosamines, Aminoglycosidee, Macrolides).. AMINO lang ang for gram -
* FOLIC ACID INHIBITORS: SULFONAMIDES
* NUCLEIC ACID INHIBITORS: FLUOROQUINOLONES
* Cell wall inhibitors: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Glycopeptides (PCCG)
140
ANTIMIROBIALS medicines or endings nila
* Penicillin:
* Cephalosporins:
* Carbapenems:
* Glycopeptides:
* Lincosamines:
ANTIMIROBIALS medicines or endings nila
* Penicillin: cillins
* Cephalosporins: cef/ceph
* Carbapenems: penems
* Glycopeptides: vancomycin
* Lincosamines: cLINdamycin
141
ANTIMIROBIALS medicines or endings nila
* Aminoglycosides:
* Macrolides:
* Tetracyclines:
* Sulfonamides:
* Fluoroquinolones
ANTIMIROBIALS medicines or endings nila
* Aminoglycosides: mycin/cin
* Macrolides: thromycin
* Tetracyclines: cyclines
* Sulfonamides: sulfa
* Fluoroquinolones: oxacin
142
ANTI MICROBIALS
1. No beta lactam ring:
2. Can cause pseudo membranous colitis/ RED Man syndrome if fast:
3. SE of chloramphenicol:
4. Adv effect of chloramphenicol:
ANTI MICROBIALS
1. No beta lactam ring: vancomycin
2. Can cause pseudo membranous colitis/ RED Man syndrome if fast: Vancomycin
3. SE of chloramphenicol: Gray baby syndrome
4. Adv effect of chloramphenicol: hypotension, cyanosis
143
ANTI MICROBIALS
1. Used in eye infections and typhoid fever:
2. Allows to infect clostridium deficile, colon:
3. Anti tb:
4. streptomycin SE:
5. Gentamicin SE:
ANTI MICROBIALS
1. Used in eye infections and typhoid fever: chloramphenicol
2. Allows to infect clostridium deficile, colon: clindamycin
3. Anti tb: streptomycin
4. streptomycin SE: ototoxic
5. Gentamicin SE: nephrotoxic
144
ANTI MICROBIALS
1. Causes no reabsorption of ammonia:
2. Teratogenic and bawal sa <8y.o bc teeth staining:
3. Doc and prophylaxis for leptospirosis:
4. Adv of Sulfonamides:
5. Fluoroquinolones adv effect:
6. Teratogenic aside sa tetracycline:
7. Rifampicin class:
ANTI MICROBIALS
1. Causes no reabsorption of ammonia: neomycin
2. Teratogenic and bawal sa <8y.o bc teeth staining: tetracyline
3. Doc and prophylaxis for leptospirosis: doxycycline
4. Adv of Sulfonamides: Steven Johnson’s
5. Fluoroquinolones adv effect: Photosensitivity
6. Teratogenic aside sa tetracycline: Fluoroquinolones
7. Rifampicin class: Fluoroquinolones
145
How to get desired dose: based on wt
MACROSET drop factors
* BT:
* standard:
MICROSET drop factor:
Infant drop factor:
How to get desired dose: based on wt (kg)
MACROSET drop factors
* BT: 20 gtts/ml
* standard: 15 or 10 gtts/ml
MICROSET drop factor: 60 gtts/ml
Infant drop factor: 60 gtts/ml
