PHARMACO

Question 1

Human body operates through??

Answer 1

complex chemical reactions and processes.

Question 2

study of biological effects of
chemicals?

Answer 2

Pharmacology

Question 3

chemicals introduced to the body to
cause changes??

Answer 3

Drugs

Question 4

What does body processes do?? and impacting what?

Answer 4

handle and eliminate drugs,
chemical reactions.

Question 5

Is a scientific name that precisely describes its anatomic
and molecular structure

Answer 5

Chemical Name

Question 6

Abbreviation of the chemical name

Answer 6

Generic name

Question 7

• Brand name or Proprietary name
• Selected by the drug company selling
  the product
• These are protected by copyright
• The symbol ® indicates the name is
  registered by and restricted to the
  drug manufacturer

Answer 7

Trade Name

Question 8

WHERE DRUG COMES FROM

Answer 8

Natural Resources and Synthetic

Question 9

Examples from Natural Resources…

Answer 9

• Plants
• Animals
• Minerals

Question 10

Examples from Synthetic…

Answer 10

Free from the
impurities found
in natural
substances

Question 11

DRUG ADMINISTRATION
ROUTES

Answer 11

1. Buccal, Sublingual.
   Translingual
2. Gastric
3. Intravenous
4. Oral
5. Rectal and vaginal
6. Respiratory

Question 12

Allows direct installation of medication into
the GI system of patients who can’t ingest the
drug orally

Answer 12

Gastric

Question 13

the I.V. route allows injection of substances
(drugs, fluids, blood or blood products, and
diagnostic contrast agents) directly into
the bloodstream through a vein
* administration can range from a single dose
to an ongoing infusion delivered with great
precision

Answer 13

Intravenous

Question 14

This is usually the safest, most convenient, and least
expensive route; drugs are administered to patients
who are conscious and can swallow

Answer 14

Oral

Question 15

Suppositories, ointments, creams, gels, and
tablets may be instilled into the rectum or vagina
to treat local irritation or infection; some drugs
applied to the mucosa of the rectum or vagina can
be absorbed systemically

Answer 15

Rectal and Vaginal

Question 16

Drugs that are available as gases can be
administered into the respiratory system;
drugs given by inhalation are rapidly absorbed,
and medications given by such devices as the
metered-dose inhaler can be self-administered,
or drugs can be administered directly into the
lungs through an endotracheal tube in
emergency situations

Answer 16

Respiratory

Question 17

Drugs shaped spherical to be swallowed

Answer 17

pills

Question 18

Powders compressed into disc-like
form

Answer 18

Tablets

Question 19

Drugs mixed with a wax like base that melts at body temperature

Answer 19

Suppositories

Question 20

Gelatin containers filled with powders or tiny pills

Answer 20

Capsules

Question 21

Water or oil based

Answer 21

Solution

Question 22

Prepared using alcohol extraction
process

Answer 22

Tincture

Question 23

Preparations in which the solid does not dissolve in
the solvent

Answer 23

Suspensions

Question 24

Drug Form

Answer 24

1. Pills
2. tablets
3. Suppositories
4. Capsule
5. Solution
6. Tinctures
7. Suspension
8. Emulsion
9. Spirit
10. Elixir
11. Syrup

Question 25

Suspensions with an oily substance in the solvent

Answer 25

Emulsions

Question 26

Solution of a volatile drug in alcohol

Answer 26

Spirits

Question 27

Alcohol and water solvent often with flavouring

Answer 27

Elixir

Question 28

Sugar, water, and drug solutions

Answer 28

Syrups

Question 29

deals with a drug’s actions as it moves through the body.

Answer 29

Pharmacokinetics

Question 30

pharmacokinetics is also concerned with

Answer 30

drug’s onset of action, peak concentration level, and duration of action

Question 31

covers a drug’s progress from the time it’s administered, through its passage to the tissues, until it reaches systemic circulation.

Answer 31

Absorption

Question 32

On a cellular level, drugs are absorbed by several means—primarily through...

Answer 32

active or passive transport.

Question 33

is the process by which the drug is delivered from the systemic circulation to body tissues and fluids.

Answer 33

DISTRIBUTION

Question 34

Distribution of an absorbed drug within the body depends on several factors:

Answer 34

⚬ blood flow ⚬ solubility ⚬ protein binding

Question 35

is the process by which the body changes a drug from its dosage form to a more water-soluble form that can then be excreted.

Answer 35

METABOLISM or biotransformation

Question 36

Drugs can be metabolized in several ways:

Answer 36

Active metabolites Inactive Metabolites

Question 37

refers to the elimination of drugs from the body

Answer 37

EXCRETION

Question 38

The study of the drug mechanisms that produce biochemical or physiologic changes in the body.

Answer 38

PHARMACODYNAMICS

Question 39

The use of drugs to treat disease.

Answer 39

PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS

Question 40

can occur between drugs or between drugs and foods. They can interfere with the results of a laboratory test or produce physical or chemical incompatibilities. The more drugs a patient receives, the greater the chances that a drug interaction will occur.

Answer 40

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Question 41

Potential drug interactions include:

Answer 41

⚬ Additive effects ⚬ Potentiation ⚬ Antagonistic effects ⚬ Decreased or increased absorption

Question 42

When two drugs with similar effects are taken together, their combined effect is equal to the sum of their individual effects.

Answer 42

Additive effects

Question 43

When one drug enhances the effect of another drug, making it more effective than if the second drug was taken alone.

Answer 43

Potentiation

Question 44

When two drugs have opposite effects, and one drug reduces or cancels out the effect of the other.

Answer 44

Antagonistic effect

Question 45

When the absorption of one drug is altered by another, leading to lower or higher levels of the drug in the bloodstream.

Answer 45

decrease or increase absorption

Question 46

A drug’s desired effect is called

Answer 46

the expected therapeutic response

Question 47

An adverse drug reaction is also called

Answer 47

side effector adverse effect

Question 48

Needed immediately

Answer 48

STAT

Question 49

Given only once

Answer 49

Single Order

Question 50

Given as needed

Answer 50

PRN

Question 51

Written in advance carried out under specific circumstances

Answer 51

Standing order