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Clinical Medicine > Pharmacolgy + microbiology > Flashcards

Pharmacolgy + microbiology Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What adverse effects can beta lactams cause (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenams)

A

GI upset
Penicillins can also have allergies and therefore anaphylaxis

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2
Q

What adverse effects could amino glycosides have (gentamicin)

A

Oto/renal toxicity

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3
Q

What adverse effects could macrolides have (clarithromycin and erythromycin)

A

Increases QT interval
Cholestatsic hepatitis

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4
Q

What adverse effects could tetracyclines have (doxycycline)

A

No under 12 = teeth stain

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5
Q

What adverse effects chloramphenicol have

A

Grey-baby syndrome

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6
Q

What adverse effects could glycopeptides (vancomycin) have

A

Oto/renal toxicity + neutropenia

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7
Q

What adverse effects could quinolones have (ciprofloxacin)

A

Decreases seizure threshold
Tendonitis
Increases QT interval
G6PD deficiency

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8
Q

What adverse effects could metronidazole have

A

Metallic taste
Causes lots of vomiting if taken with alcohol

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9
Q

What adverse effects could colisitin have

A

May cause myasthenia gravis

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10
Q

What adverse effects could rifampicin have

A

Orange secretions e,g urine

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11
Q

What adverse effects could ethambutol have

A

Optic neuritis

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12
Q

What adverse effects could isoniazid have

A

Peripheral neuropathy and hepatitis

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13
Q

What adverse effects could pyrazinamide have

A

Gout and hepatitis

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14
Q

What adverse effects could SSRIs have

A

Takes at least 2 weeks to work
Hyponatraemia
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Sexual dysfunction

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15
Q

What adverse effects could tricyclic antidepressants have

A

Anticholinergic side effects

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16
Q

How to treat a tricyclic antidepressant OD

A

Bicarbonate

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17
Q

What adverse effects could monoamine oxidase inhibitors have (selegilline,phenelzine)

A

Interaction with tryamine foods
Causes a hypertensive crisis

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18
Q

What adverse effects could atypical antidepressants have (mirtazipine)

A

Increases appetite weight gain
Sedative
Can be useful in depressed pt with insomnia or low weight

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19
Q

What adverse effects could typical antipsychotics have (haloperidol)

A

Hyperprolcatinaemia
Extrapyramidal side effects

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20
Q

What adverse effects could atypical antipsychotics have (clozapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole, risperidone, quetiapine)

A

Clozapine - agranulocytosis
Prolonged qt
Hyperprolactinaemia - not aripiprazole
Metabolic (weight gain, diabetes)

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21
Q

Features of metformin

A

Weight loss
No hypos
Lactic acidosis
Not for eGFR below 30

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22
Q

Features of pioglitazone

A

No hypos
CI heart failure and liver failure
Causes weight gain

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23
Q

Features of gliclazide

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A

Hypos
Weight gain
Alcohol disulfiram-like reaction
CI ; BB, obesity, cardio problems

24
Q

Features of glp-1 receptor agonists

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A

No hypos
Weight loss
Pancreatitis
CI; pancreatitis & MEN 2

25
Features of DDP-4 inhibitors
GI upset and pancreatitis CI; liver and renal failure
26
Features of SGLT-2 inhibitors
Weight loss, decreases BP and cardiovasc mortality CI CKD and recurrent UTIs
27
Features of loop diuretics
Decreases serum Na, K, Ca and Mg Postural hypotension and tinnitus CI: nephrotoxic drugs
28
Features of thiazide diuretic
Decreases Na, K Increases Ca, urate and glucose Postural hypotension CI; gout
29
Features of potassium sparing diuretic
Increases K Gynaecomastia CI: Addison’s disease
30
Why is metoclopramide contraindicated in children and young adults
Risk of oculogyric crisis
31
MOA of LMWH
Activates antithrombin III which forms a complex that inhibits factor Xa
32
Which antibiotic has an increased risk of theophylline toxicity and describe this toxicity presentation
Ciprofloxacin Features of theophylline toxicity Acidosis Hypokalaemia Vomiting Tachycardia Arrhythmia Seizures
33
Moa of hydroxycarbamide
Inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase
34
What chemotherapy agent is associated with peripheral neuropathy
Vincristine
35
What does angiotensin II do
Vasoconstriction of EFFERENT glomerular arteriole to preserve GFR
36
MOA of renin
Hydrolyse angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I
37
How is a heparin overdose reversed
Protamine sulphate
38
If patients who are on long term corticosteroids and they are suddenly withdrawn what does that mean
They are at risk of addisonian crisis as long term systemic corticosteroid therapy can lead them to develop adrenal insufficiency Addisonian crisis is characterised by vomiting, hypotension, hyperkalaemia and Hyponatraemia
39
moa of aminoglycosides - gentamicin
bactericidal inhibits protein synthesis broad spectrum excreted by kidney
40
uses of gentamicin
bacterial eye infections otitis externa moderate/severe diabetic foot infection
41
contraindications of gentamicin
renal impairment pregnancy
42
moa carbapenems
bactericidal disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis broad spectrum gram-negative narrow spectrum gram-positive excreted by kidney
43
uses of meropenem
treatment of serious bacterial infections as a 'last line' sepsis meningitis exacerbations of chronic lower resp tract infection in CF
44
side effects of meropenem
diarrhoea,nausea,vomiting epileptic pts treated with valproic acid increased risk of seizures with this ABX
45
contraindications of meroprenem
pts with known hypersensitivity to penicillin and other beta-lactams reduce dose in pts with renal impairment
46
moa cephalasporins
bacteridcial disrupts bacterial wall synthesis broad spectrum beta lactam abx excreted by kidney
47
name cephalasporins
cefalexin ceftriaxone
48
uses of cefalexin
pyelonephritis
49
side effects cefalexin
diarrhoea nausea
50
contraindications of cefalexin and ceftriaxone
pts with known hypersensitivity to penicillin and other beta-lactams reduce dose in pts with renal impairment
51
uses of ceftriaxone
gonorrhoea PID
52
side effects of ceftriaxone
diarrhoea eosinophilia
53
moa penicillins
bactericidal disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis broad spectrum gram-negative narrow spectrum gram-positive excreted by kidney beta lactam abx
54
name penicillins
benzylpenicillin amoxicillin co-amoxiclav flucloaxcillin
55
CIs of trimethoprim
pregnancy history of megaloblastic anaemia due to folate deficiency
56
what is tacrolimus used for and its main side effect
calcineurin inhibitor used as an immunosuppressant to prevent transplant rejection can cause hyperglycaemia

Clinical Medicine (26 decks)

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