pharmacology Flashcards by Abedalrhman Othman

the antihypertensive drug with depression sid eeffect is:

reserpine

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Non selective MOA inhibitors are_____ and they inhibit both _____

ISOcarboxazid, PHENelzine, TRANylcypromine
MAO A \ MOA B

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selective MOA inhibitors are?

MOCLObemide (MOA A)
SELEGilin (dopamine MOA B)

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side effects of MOA inhibitors

hypertensive crisis ( tyramine) and we give them alpha blockers
seratonin syndrome (when interchange to SSRI or combination) we give them cyproheptadine

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TCA are:

IMIPRANIME (enuresis), desipramine, amitriptyline (migrane), nortriptyline

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TCA side effects are:

anti muscarinin (sympathatic)
antihistamine (weight gain)
antiadrenergic (parasympathetic)

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SSRI drugs are:

FLUoxetine - FLUvuoxamine
PAROxetine
ESCitalopram
CITalopram
SERTraline

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SSRI side effects are:

sleep and sexual disturbances
hyponatremia
discontinuation syndrome (least in fluoxtine)

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SNRI drugs and other uses

DULOxetine, venalFAXINE, desvenalFAXINE
fibromyalgia, lower back pain, neuropathic pain

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side effects of SNRIs

sleep and sexual disturbances, hyponatremia, discontinuation syndrome
+ sympathatic effects

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Atypical anti depressants

bupropion ( smoking cessation )
trazodone (sedative for insomia)
mirtazpine (presynaptic a2 receptors and 5HT2 receptors) (sedative)

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DOC for bipolar and whats its side effects

Lethium
hypothyroidism, ebsten anomaly, inpidus, tremor

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serotonin syndrome drug:

cyproheptadine

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the opioid receptor that causes euphoria

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opioids receptors are members of the ______
and their MOA is?

g protein coupled receptor
MOA:
increasing the K efflux (hyperplarized) post
reduce Ca influx pre
decrease adynylyl cyclase activity = lower camp

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morphine is exctrated from and is transverted into heroin by ?

papaver
adding an acytl group

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natural \ semisynthetic \ synthetic opioids are:

morphine and codiene
heroin
mepridine, methadone, fentanyl (strongest) and penta

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antituissive opioid drug is:

codiene

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used ass a dopamine antagonist for vomiting and nausea

HALOperidol

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given for asthma patient cus it relases histamine

fentanyl

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therapeutic uses of opioids

acute pulmonary edema
severe cough
diarrhea
analgesia

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two opioids that are used for a diarrhea

LOPEramide > morphine

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contraindications for opioids

pregnancy
asthma
acute head injury (hypercabia and miosis)
hepatic and renal failure

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opioids uses of merepidine and methadone
fentanyl too

meripidine is used for pregnancy
methadone is used for opioid detoxification
fenetanyl is used for ansthesia and analgesia

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uses of heroin are:

not used clinically

uses of Oxycodone, hydrocodiene and morphine

antituissive analgesia

opioidal partial agonists

PENTAzocine nalBUPHINE BUprenorPHINE

a partial opioid agonist thats used in opioid detoxification combined with antagoinist, whats its name and the name of the antagonist

BUprenoPHINE naloxone

Opioids antagonists names and their uses

naloxone DOC for opioid overdose naltroxone DOC for alcohol dependence

an opioid that has a mixed MOA( moth Mu and seratonin \ norepinephrine reuptake inh) and is less addictive used in emergency

tramadol

a biased agonist opioid

OLICEridin

ANTIPSYCHOTICS

never combinations delayed effect effective as positive not negative

chlorpromazine, haloperidol, are:

typical antipsycotics and they act on dopamine onlyand are extrpyramidal s\e

Clozapine, olanzapine, zipraisodone, resperidone, amisulipride are all:

atypical antipsychotics dopamine and seratonin less extrapyramidal

chlorpromazine side effects

sedation, antcholinergic and antihistamine

holaperidol is a drug of choice for:

it is most commonly used - agitation and hallucination - nausea and vomiting - antagonize drugs of abuse like amphotericin and LSD

best drug for psychotic patients:

clozapine smoking increases the metabolism agranylocytosis is seen as

is an anti psychotic thats also a D partial agonist

aripiprazole

antipsychotic thats used for parkinson induced psychosis and has no action on dopamine (only seratonin)

pimavaserine

side effects of typical anti psychotics:

- hyperprolactinemia (galactorrhea and gyno) - sexual dysfunction - neuroleptic malignant syndrome (stop meds) - tardive dyskinesia (tremor)

side effects of atypical anti psychotics

sedation and weight gain hyperglycemia and diabeties (black boxed)

anti psychtics are stopped_______ + not combined +_____ for non complient or agitation + all are_____ for pregnants

gradually IV safe

antiseizures

- goal is seizure free wih least S\E - SUDPE is the usual cause of death -highly individualized

antiseizure drugs - multiple medication interactions and adverse effects in ______ - first. line for epilepsy and is better in tolerability - high cost and limited long term experiences

1st line 2nd line 3rd line give for refractory epilepsies

having _____ seizures should be started on antiseizure meds

2 or more unprovoked seizures

for child abscence epilepsy, ____ is used meanwhile _____ are avoided

ethosuximide phenytoin and carbamazepine

children are more susceptible to neuropsychiatric effects, females = childbearing adverse cognitives avoided for older ppl all these concernes come wth

anti seizure drugs

in seizure dose optimizing; - in older adults who are sensitive to sedation we should : - with multiple recent seizure we should: - continues to have seizure at minimal dose we should;

- lower dose and titrate slower - faster titration - increase dose

in seizure dose optmizing: if at maximum dose patient continues to have seizures we should:

a. taper the fisrt drug and titrate another drrug from a different fam at the same time b. if 2 monotherpies failed then do dual therapy dif MOA c. polytherapy

mainstay therapy for seizures is : ketogenic diet is: VNS id for :

drugs - lipids only (cream and butter) no sugars with vit supps added and used in childhood - older than 12 and mood is better + 50 chance of reduction and long termed

surgery is treatment of choice for seizures when:

refractory especially in temporal lobe it can effect memory and learn

the weakest efficacy of all ASM is

gabapentinec

epilepsy + migrane epilepsy + bipolar epilepsy + neuropathy

topiramite lamotrigine pregablin

_____ and _____ require slow titration (ASM)

lamotrigine and carbamazepine

dose related adverse effects of ASMs are seen in : ( sedation and cognitive impairment)

barbiturates + sodium channel blockes lamotrigine

ASM with idiosycnratic adverse effects are: (skin, liver, blodd are effected + suicidal behavior+ steven jhonson , hepatitis or rash )

lamotrigine carbamazepine and phenytoin +Phenobarbital

ASM Adverse effects with chronic therapy are seen in ; ( osteomalcaia and osteoperosis).

phenorbital and carbamazepine (oxcarba and falbamate and valporate) ca and vit d area given

benzodiazepines and barbiturates MOA

reopening channels ad deepends on GABA prolongs the opening duration

uses BDZ

anxiety \ insomnia\ anesthsia - epilepsy and seizures , muscle disorders, - irritable bowel dis and overdose and alcohol withdrawal syn.

tolerence and dependence to BDZ are initiated at: and common in

1-2 weeks and weeks to months more seen in barbiturates but is also seen in short acting BDZ

A type of BDZ thats used for minor procedures and causes conscious sedation

midazolam

A type of barbiturates thats used in seizures and anesthesia and is ultra short

thiopental

example on thiopental thats the 3rd DOC for status epilepticus

phenobarbital

antidote fr BZD is:

flumazenil

zolpedime, zaleplon, eszopiclon area all ___ and used for ____ with the antagonis being___

z calss hypnotics similar to BZD + has short half life used in chronic insomnia flumazenil

ramelteon is a:

melatonin agonist used 30 mins before bed time and safe

diphenhydramide and chlorphenamine are both ——- and used for —-

first line anti histamine mild insomnia (cause hypotention and tachycardia)

pharmacology Flashcards

(67 cards)