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First Aid MSK, Skin and CT > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

LTB4

A

Neutrophil chemotactic agent

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2
Q

LTC4, D4, E4

A

Increases bronchial tone

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3
Q

PGE2 and PGE2alpha

A

Increases uterine tone, decreases bronchial tone

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4
Q

TXA2

A

Increase platelet aggregation, increase vascular tone, increase bronchial tone

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5
Q

PGI2

A

Decrease platelet aggregation, decrease vascular tone, decrease bronchial tone, decrease uterine tone

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6
Q

Low dose aspirin <300mg/d

A

decreases platelet aggregation

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7
Q

intermediate dose of aspirin 300-2400mg/d

A

antipyretic and analgesic

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8
Q

high dose aspirin 2400-400mg/d

A

anti-inflammatory

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9
Q

stimulates respiratory centers causing hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis

A

Aspirin

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10
Q

Irreversibly inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 by covalent acetylation

A

Aspirin

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11
Q

NSAIDs

A

Ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, ketorolac, diclofenac

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12
Q

reversibly blocks cyclooxygenase blocking PG syn

A

NSAIDs

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13
Q

used to close PDA

A

Indomethacin

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14
Q

Toxicity of NSAIDs

A

interstitial nephritis, gastric ulcer, renal ischemia

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15
Q

Reversibly inhibits COX2 found in inflammatory cells and vascular endothelium. Spares gastric mucosa

A

Celecoxib

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16
Q

Used in patient with RA and osetoarthritis who have gastritis or ulcers

A

Celecoxib

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17
Q

Reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase, mostly in CNS. Inactivated peripherally

A

Acetaminophen

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18
Q

Use instead of aspirin to avoid Reye syndrome

A

Acetaminophen

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19
Q

N-acetylcysteine

A

Antidote for Acetaminophen toxicity which regenerates glutathione

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20
Q

Acetaminophen metabolite

A

NAPQI, depletes glutathione and forms toxic tissue adducts in liver

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21
Q

Pyrophosphate analogs; bind hydroxyapatite in bone, inhibiting osteoclast activity

A

Bisphosphonates like Alendronate

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22
Q

Clinical use for Bisphosphonates

A

osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, Paget dx of bone

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23
Q

Advise patients to take this w/ water and remain upright for 30 minutes

A

Bisphosphonates, can cause corrosive esophagitis

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24
Q

Osetonecrosis of jaw

A

S/E of bisphosphonate

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25
Used in lymphoma and leukemia to prevent tumor lysis-associated urate nephropathy
Allopurinol
26
Inhibits Xanthine Oxidase
Allopurinol and Febuxostat
27
Inhibits reabsorption of uric acid in PCT (also inhibits secretion of penicillin)
Probenecid
28
NSAID drugs used for Acute gout
Naproxen and indomethacin
29
Binds and stabilizes tubulin to inhibit microtubule polymerization, impairing leukocyte chemotaxis and degranulation.
Colchicine
30
reactivation of latent TB
TNF-alpha inhibitors like Etanercept, Infliximab, adalimumab
31
used for RA, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis
Etanercept
32
used for IBD, RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis
Infliximab and adalimumab
33
Four main actions of NSAIDS
Anti-inflammatory, analgesia, antipyretic and antiplatelet activity
34
Prostaglandins that cause abortions
Prostaglandin E1 (misoprostol), PGE2, and PGF2alpha
35
Prostaglandin analog indicated for severe pulmonary hypertension
Epoprostenol (PGI2)
36
Prostaglandin analog used as 2nd line for erectile dysfunction
Alprostadil (PGE1)
37
Prostaglandin analog used in pediatrics to maintain patency of ductus arteriosis
Alprostadil (PGE1)
38
NSAID available orally, IM, IV, nasally, and ophthalmically
Ketoralac
39
NSAID used mostly for anesthesia and has limited duration (<5 days) due to nephrotoxicity
Ketoralac
40
Difference between COX 1 and COX 2
COX 1: constitutive, COX 2: inducible during inflammation
41
COX 2 inhibitors should be used cautiously in patients with
Pre-existing cardiac or renal disease
42
Two main actions of acetaminophen
Antipyretic and analgesic activity
43
Inhibitor of lipoxygenase
Zileuton
44
Major side effect of zileuton that limits its use
Liver toxicity
45
Two leukotrienes (LTD4) receptor antagonists used in asthma
Zafirlukast and montelukast
46
NSAID avoided in gout because low doses increases uric acid levels
Aspirin
47
Side effects of colchicine
Diarrhea, liver toxicity, myelosuppression
48
Recombinant uricase that enhances uric acid metabolism and indicated for gout refractory to conventional therapy
Pegloticase
49
DMARDs are slow acting drugs for this indication
Rheumatic diseases
50
1st line for rheumatoic arthritis for most patients
Low-dose methotrexate
51
Dose-limiting toxicity of methotrexate
Myelosuppression
52
A mixture of two agents with one agent active for rheumatic disease and the other for inflammatory bowel disease
Sulfasalazine
53
Alternative to methotrexate as 1st line for rheumatoid arthritis through inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, which leads to decreased pyrimidine synthesis
Leflunomide
54
Anti-malarial drug used in rheumatoid arthritis
Hydroxychloroquine
55
Side effect of hydroxychloroquine
Retinopathy
56
Structurally related to acetylcholine, used to produce muscle paralysis in order to facilitate surgery or artifical ventilation. Full doses lead to respiratory paralysis and require ventilation
Neuromuscular blocking drugs
57
This class of agents block acetylcholine receptors at motor endplates and its effects can be reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors
Nondepolarizing blockers
58
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker with long duration of action and is most likely to cause histamine release
Tubocurarine
59
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker with short duration of action
Mivacurium
60
Two non-depolarizing blockers that undergo Hofmann elimination, which is useful for patients with renal and hepatic deficiency
Atracurium, cisatracurium
61
Non-depolaring neuromuscular blocker with long duration of action that can block muscarinic receptor in the heart
Pancuronium
62
These drugs strongly potentiate and prolong effect of neuromuscular blockers
Inhalation anesthetics (isoflurane), antibiotics (aminoglycosides, tetracyclines)
63
Depolarizing blocker that causes muscle relaxation and paralysis and can cause postoperative muscle pain
Succinylcholine
64
Two life-threatening side effects of succinylcholine
Hyperkalemia, malignant hyperthermia
65
Drug for treating malignant hyperthermia associated with drug-drug interaction between halogenated anesthetics and depolarizing blocker
Dantrolene
66
During Phase I depolarizing block this class of agents enhance muscle paralysis, but during Phase II block they may reverse muscle paralysis
Cholinesterase inhibitors
67
Drug of choice for reversal of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade
Neostigmine
68
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