pharmacology 37-antivirals

Question 1

what receptor does Maraviroc block

Answer 1

CCR5

Question 2

how does Enfuviritide block HIV attachment and entry

Answer 2

inhibiting gp41-mediated fusion of HIV envelope with the host plasma membrane

Question 3

what are the major adverse effects of Maraviroc

Answer 3

hepatotoxicity, MI/ischemia

Question 4

what does Enfuviritide mimic

Answer 4

HR2

Question 5

what are the major common adverse effects of Enfuviritide

Answer 5

gullain-barre syndrome, 6th nerve palsy

Question 6

how must enfuviritide be administered

Answer 6

parenterally

Question 7

what is the role of M2 with influenza infection

Answer 7

acidifies the interior of the virus

Question 8

what is amantadine used to treat

Answer 8

influenza A AND parkinsonism

Question 9

what is rimantadine used for the treatment of

Answer 9

influenza A

Question 10

what phosphorylates cidofovir

Answer 10

cellular enzymes

Question 11

what ads the first phosphate to acyclovir

Answer 11

viral thymidine kinase

Question 12

what is the prodrug of acyclovir that has greater oral bioavailability

Answer 12

valacyclovir

Question 13

when can renal failure occur when using acyclovir or valacyclovir

Answer 13

when it is IV administration

Question 14

what is the major adverse effects associated with penciclovir and famciclovir

Answer 14

erythema multiform, GI disturbances, headache

Question 15

what is the prodrug analogue of penciclovir

Answer 15

famciclovir

Question 16

what is ganciclovir and valganciclovir used to treat

Answer 16

CMV

Question 17

what are the major adverse effects of ganciclovir and valganciclovir

Answer 17

neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia

Question 18

what are the contraindications for ganciclovir and valganciclovir use

Answer 18

severe neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia

Question 19

what is the structure of acyclovir

Answer 19

guanine based attached to a broken and incomplete sugar ring

Question 20

what does cidofovir mimic

Answer 20

deoxycytidine monophosphate

Question 21

what drug prevents maternal-fetal HIV transmission

Answer 21

AZT

Question 22

what is trifluridine used as

Answer 22

ophthalmic prepration

Question 23

what anti-HIV -HBV nucleoside and nucleotide analogues are thymidine analogs

Answer 23

zidovudine and stavudine

Question 24

what is the dose-limiting adverse effect of zidovudine (AZT)

Answer 24

hepatotoxicity

Question 25

what drug used for anti-HIV -HBV nucleoside and nucleotide analogues can cause fatal hypersensitivity

Answer 25

abacavir

Question 26

what is the toxicity of anti-HIV -HBV nucleoside and nucleotide analogues mostly due to

Answer 26

inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase by drug triphosphate

Question 27

what is a major adverse effect of tenofovir

Answer 27

can cause falcon syndrome

Question 28

what is a major adverse effect of adefovir

Answer 28

renal toxicity

Question 29

what is the major dose-limiting toxicity of fascarnet

Answer 29

renal impairment

Question 30

what does resistance against raltegravir result from

Answer 30

point mutations

Question 31

what does raltegravir inhibit

Answer 31

inhibits integrase (involved in HIV)

Question 32

what inhibitor of viral integration can cause numbness around mouth and altered taste sensation

Answer 32

ritonavir

Question 33

what is the prodrug form of amprenavir that has greater oral bioavailability

Answer 33

fosamprenavir

Question 34

what is the action of influenza virus neuraminidase

Answer 34

cleaves silica acid from membrane glycoproteins

Question 35

what is zanamivir and oseltamivir used to treat

Answer 35

influenza A and B

Question 36

how is zanamivir administered

Answer 36

inhaler

Question 37

what does fomivirsen bind to

Answer 37

mRNA that encodes iE2 (regulatory protein of CMV)

Question 38

what is the clinical application of fomivirsen

Answer 38

CMV retinitis (second-line)

Question 39

what is the contraindication for fomivirsen use

Answer 39

IV or intravitreal cidofovir therapy within 2-4 weeks, due to risk for exaggerated ocular inflammation

Question 40

what is ribavirin used for the treatment of

Answer 40

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), HCV (in combination with interferon-alpha)

Question 41

what does ribavirin inhibit

Answer 41

inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, leading to lower cellular GTP levels

Question 42

how is ribavirin administered for treatment of RSV

Answer 42

aerosol form

Question 43

what is docosanol used for the treatment of

Answer 43

topical treatment for HSV

Question 44

what TLRs does imiquimod interfere with

Answer 44

TLR-7 and TLR-8 to boost innate immunity