Pharmacology

Question 1

all severities of croup acute pharmacological management

Answer 1

PO dexamethasone 0.15mg/kg

Question 2

sever croup additional pharmacological management

Answer 2

nebulised adrenaline 5mL 1:1000

Question 3

examples of macrolides

Answer 3

M, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, R, O, L, I, D, Erythromycin

Question 4

pharmacological management of whooping cough

Answer 4

macrolide (azithromycin or clarithromycin)

Question 5

anti-diarrhoeal agent

Answer 5

loperamide

Question 6

zopiclone in elderly increases risk of

Answer 6

falls

Question 7

zopiclone is used for

Answer 7

insomnia

Question 8

clindamycin treatment is associated with a high risk of

Answer 8

C. diff - diarrhoea

Question 9

bisphosphonates uses

Answer 9

prevention/Rx of osteoporosis, hypercalcaemia, Paget’s DZ, bone met pain

Question 10

bisphosphonates SE

Answer 10

oesophagitis, oesophageal ulcers, osteonecrosis of the jaw, atypical stress #, fever, myalgia, arthralgia

Question 11

how to take bisphosphonates

Answer 11

empty stomach, swallow whole, full glass of water, upright + NBM for 30’

Question 12

bisphosphonate examples

Answer 12

alendronate

Question 13

digoxin is used for

Answer 13

rate control AF

Question 14

features of digoxin toxicity

Answer 14

lethargy, N, V, anorexia, confusion, yellow-green vision, arrhythmias, gynaecomastia

Question 15

ABx CI in pregnancy

Answer 15

tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, sulphonamides, trimethoprim, quinolones

Question 16

other drugs to avoid in pregnancy

Answer 16

ACEi, AGIIR antagonists, statins, warfarin, sulphonylureas, retinoids, cytotoxic agents, NSAIDs

Question 17

SE of flucloxacillin

Answer 17

cholestasis (several weeks afterwards)

Question 18

SE of erythromycin

Answer 18

GI upset, prolonged QT, cholestasis

Question 19

SE of ciprofloxacin

Answer 19

reduced seizure threashold, tendonitis

Question 20

SE amoxacillin

Answer 20

rash with infectious mononucleosis

Question 21

SE co-amoxiclav

Answer 21

cholestasis

Question 22

SE metronidazole

Answer 22

reaction following EtOH ingestion

Question 23

SE doxycyclizine

Answer 23

photosensitivity

Question 24

SE trimethoprim

Answer 24

rashes (inc photosensitivity), pruitis, suppression of haematopoiesis

Question 25

drugs which might cause urinary retention

Answer 25

TCA, anticholinergics, opioids, NSAIDs, disopyramide

Question 26

pharmacological causes of polyuria

Answer 26

diuretics, Li, caffeine, EtOH

Question 27

SE of a-blockers

Answer 27

postural hypotension, drowsiness, dyspepsia, cough

Question 28

a-blockers are mainly used in the Rx of

Answer 28

BPH, HTN

Question 29

a-blocker examples

Answer 29

doxazosin, tamsulosin

Question 30

B-blocker indications

Answer 30

angina, post-MI, HF, arrhythmias, HTN, thyrotoxicosis, migraine prophylaxis, anxiety

Question 31

B-blocker examples

Answer 31

atenolol, propranolol

Question 32

SE of B-blockers

Answer 32

bronchospasm, cold peripheries, fatigue, sleep disturbances (inc nightmares)

Question 33

B-blocker CI

Answer 33

uncontrolled HF, asthma, sick sinus S, concurent verapanil use (may precipitate severe bradycardia)

Question 34

drugs that cause gingival hyperplasia

Answer 34

phenytoin, ciclosporin, CaChB (esp nifedipine)

Question 35

chronic SE of phenytoin

Answer 35

hirsuitism, coarsening of facial features

Question 36

6 drugs which can exacerbate psoriasis

Answer 36

B-blockers, Li, antimalarials (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine), NSAIDs, ACEi, infliximab

Question 37

3 drugs/classes CI in asthma

Answer 37

NSAIDs. B-blockers, adenosine

Question 38

Li toxicity features

Answer 38

coarse tremor, hyperreflexia, acute confusion, seizure, coma

Question 39

4 drugs to stop in renal failure

Answer 39

ABx (tetracycline, nitrofurantoin), NSAIDs, Li, metformin

Question 40

6 drug causes of SIADH

Answer 40

sulphonylureas, SSRIs, TCA, carbamazepine, vincristine, cyclophosphamide

Question 41

5 drugs/classes that increase K

Answer 41

ACEi, AG2RB, spironolactone, K-sparing diuretics, K supplements