Pharmacology - Antivirals and Antifungals (Exam 5)

Question 1

3 major antifungal drug classes

Answer 1

Polyenes
Azoles
Echinocandins

Question 2

Other agents (not part of main antifungal drug classes)

Answer 2

Flucytosine
Thiocarbamate
Oxaborole
Griseofulvin

Question 3

Fungi are characterized by a cell membrane containing ____________ and a cell wall

Answer 3

ergosterol

Question 4

What does it mean to say something is dimorphism?

Answer 4

Exists as mold or yeast (Mold in the Cold, Yeast in the Heat)

Question 5

Opportunistic mycoses cause infections in ___________________ pts

Answer 5

immunocompromised

Question 6

Superficial infections can be treated with?

Answer 6

Topical drugs

Question 7

Genetic material within an organic particle that invades living cells and uses their host’s metabolic processes to reproduce.

Answer 7

Virus

Question 8

MOA of polyenes

Answer 8

Bind ergosterol
Alters membrane permeability
Cell leaks
Death

Question 9

Drug of choice for oral candidal infections

Answer 9

Polyenes

Question 10

Name some side effects of polyenes

Answer 10

No absorption from skin
Allergy
Hypokalemia

Question 11

Examples of azoles

Answer 11

Imidazole
Triazoles

Question 12

MOA of azole

Answer 12

Inhibit the synthesis of fungal ergosterol

Inhibits conversion of lanosterol -> ergosterol

Question 13

Adverse effects of azoles

Answer 13

Hypokalemia
Liver dysfunction
Heart failure (rare)
Drug-drug interactions

Question 14

Clinical uses for azoles

Answer 14

Fungal infections of the body and skin like athlete’s foot, oral candidiasis, and ringworm

Question 15

Suffix of echinocandins

Answer 15

“-fungin”

Question 16

MOA of echinocandins (KNOW THIS)

Answer 16

Inhibit synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan

(an essential component of the fungal cell wall!!!)

Question 17

Adverse effects of echindocandins

Answer 17

Common (like histamine-mediated symptoms), rash, facial swelling, and pruritus

Hepatic toxicity and hypokalemia

Question 18

Clinical use of echinocandins

Answer 18

Invasive candiadiasis

Question 19

The newest echinocandin

Answer 19

Anidulafungin

Question 20

MOA of flucytosine (KNOW)

Answer 20

Inhibits DNA synthesis and production of defective RNA

Question 21

T/F: Flucytosine is well absorbed from the GI tract

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Adverse effects of flucytosine

Answer 22

Dose related and reversible depression of the bone marrow (anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia)

Question 23

MOA of griseofulvin

Answer 23

Inhibits mitosis

Question 24

3 types of oral candidiasis

Answer 24

1. Acute
2. Chronic
3. Angular chelitis

Question 25

4 major anti-viral drug classes

Answer 25

1. Anti-influenza 2. Anti-herpetic 3. Anti-viral hepatitis 4. Anti-HIV

Question 26

MOA of anti-influenza drugs

Answer 26

Block the uncoating process Inhibit viral neuraminidase activity

Question 27

Approved anti-influenza drugs (3)

Answer 27

M2 blockers N inhibitors RdRp inhibitors

Question 28

Suffix of anti-herpes drugs

Answer 28

"-clovir"

Question 29

MOA of anti-herpes drugs

Answer 29

Inhibits DNA polymerase

Question 30

T/F: Herpes simplex is not persistent, it will go away eventually

Answer 30

False!! It's very persistent and it's a lifelong illness

Question 31

How many hepatitis viruses are there? Which ones are the most common?

Answer 31

5 viruses B and C are most common

Question 32

MOA of antiviral hepatitis B treatment

Answer 32

Inhibits DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase Immune modulators (interferons)

Question 33

MOA of interferons for antiviral hepatitis B treatment

Answer 33

Degrade RNA Inhibit protein synthesis Activate macrophages

Question 34

T/F: There is no complete cure for hepatitis B

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Adverse effects of hep B treatment

Answer 35

Increased pulse rate and temp Decreased WBC count Headache Somnolence Malaise

Question 36

What is the purpose of PEGylation of interferons?

Answer 36

increase the half-life, so there is less frequent dosing

Question 37

How is hep C transmitted?

Answer 37

Blood Body fluids

Question 38

Newest treatment for hep C that cures up to 90%

Answer 38

Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs)

Question 39

Suffix of anti-HIV drugs

Answer 39

"-vir" "-navir" "-tegravir"

Question 40

Root of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer 40

"vir" in middle

Question 41

Suffix of protease inhibitors

Answer 41

"-navir"

Question 42

Suffix of integrase stand transfer inhibitors

Answer 42

"--tegravir"

Question 43

What is so special about HAART treatment?

Answer 43

Treatment regimen typically comprised of a combination of 3 or more antiretroviral drugs

Question 44

HAART slide