Pharmacology - Immunopharmacology (Exam 5)

Question 1

3 features of modulation

Answer 1

1. Induction
2. Enhancement
3. Suppression

Question 2

2 main components of the immune system

Answer 2

1. Cells
2. Immune mediators

Question 3

Name 2 immune mediators

Answer 3

1. Cytokines
2. Humoral antibodies

Question 4

Describe the basics of the immune system

Answer 4

Immune system is split into innate and adaptive immunity:

Innate = physical barriers + blood-borne

Adaptive (think specific!!) = B cells (humoral) + T cells (cell-mediated)

Question 5

Purpose of physical barriers

Answer 5

Stops entry of pathogens

Question 6

Purpose of B cells

Answer 6

Make antibodies that activate the complement cascade

(which in turn will activate an alternative pathway and activate innate immunity)

Question 7

Function of T cells

Answer 7

Death of damaged or infected body cells

Question 8

T/F innate and adaptive immunity work together

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Activation of __________ is the necessary first step for the induction of adaptive immunity

Answer 9

APCs = monocytes, B cells, and DC’s

Question 10

First encounter of a naive T cell w/ the antigen on a mature dendritic cell

Answer 10

Priming

Question 11

B cell receptors are more specific. Why?

Answer 11

They can recognize secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structural features

Question 12

Differences b/w MHC I and MHC II

Answer 12

MHC I = deliver peptides originating from cytosol

MHC II = deliver peptides from vesicular compartments

Question 13

MHC I activates _____ cells while MHC II activates ______ cells

Answer 13

I - CD8 cytotoxic
II - CD4 helper and B cells

Question 14

The variable region of Ig is called the?

Answer 14

Antibody segment - Fab

Question 15

The six hypervariable regions in each arm of the antibody are ___________ to the antigen

Answer 15

Complementary

Question 16

Predominant cells in acute inflammation

Answer 16

Neutrophils

Question 17

Immune responses are usually initiated by an immediate inflammatory reaction resulting from the activation of ____________ factors

Answer 17

Soluble

Question 18

When helper T cells are activated, they have 2 actions. What are they?

Answer 18

1. activate cytokines
2. activate B cells to make antibodies

Question 19

An antigen receptor formed is rigorously tested against?

Answer 19

Self-peptides

Question 20

Two methods that effector cells use to kill targets

Answer 20

1. apoptosis - caspases
2. cytolysis - granzymes

Question 21

These cells mediate direct cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Answer 21

NK cells

Question 22

When NK cells interact with tumor cells, they lose cytotoxicity but gain the ability to secrete cytokines, a concept that has been coined

Answer 22

Split anergy

Question 23

2 methods to terminate immune responses

Answer 23

1. propiocidal apoptosis
2. immune regulation & suppression

Question 24

The largest and most important part of the immune system

Answer 24

mucosal immune system

Question 25

Name 3 cells found throughout the mucosa

Answer 25

1. lymphocytes 2. macrophages 3. dendritic cells

Question 26

The mucosal antibody

Answer 26

IgA!!

Question 27

donor was immunized with an antigen, and a recipient host was then injected with the protective antibodies generated by the donor

Answer 27

passive immunization

Question 28

The suffix of the monoclonal antibody tells us the % of human. (KNOW THIS) -omab -ximab -zumab -umab

Answer 28

omab = 0% ximab = 65% zumab = >90% umab = 100%

Question 29

Examples of immunophilin ligands (3)

Answer 29

1. Cyclosporine 2. Tacrolimus 3. Sirolimus

Question 30

MOA of immunophilin ligands

Answer 30

Bind Cyclophines

Question 31

Thalidomide and lenalidomide have powerful ____________ effects

Answer 31

teratogenic

Question 32

MOA of cytotoxic drugs

Answer 32

Kill lymphocytes Interfere w/ proliferative stage of immune response

Question 33

Interleukins can treat

Answer 33

hematopoietic deficiencies

Question 34

Interleukins can treat __________ at high doses, but they treat ___________ at low doses

Answer 34

cancer; autoimmune diseases

Question 35

Difference b/w TH1 and TH2 cytokines

Answer 35

TH1 - cytosolic TH2 - extracellular

Question 36

When dendritic cell encounters cancer, it activates?

Answer 36

T helper cell or cytotoxic

Question 37

Tumors promote the expansion of suppressor cells like

Answer 37

Treg and myeloid-derived suppressor cells

Question 38

Tumor cells can express ________ which binds to ________ on T effector cells to induce exhaustion

Answer 38

PD-L1; PD-1

Question 39

4 main immunotherapies for cancer treatment

Answer 39

1. T cell receptors 2. chimeric antigen receptor 3. tumor infiltrating lymphocytes 4. NK cells

Question 40

T/F: Triazoles are more selective for fungal cyt P450 than imidazoles

Answer 40

True

Question 41

How does a tumor induce immunosuppression?

Answer 41

1. They will express suppressor cells like Treg and myeloid-derived suppressor cells 2. The tumor cells will also express PDL-1 which binds to PD-1 on the dendritic cell 3. This induces exhaustion

Question 42

Bee venom is a good model for what kind of procedures?

Answer 42

Cytokine therapy It's associated w/ a TH2 -> TH1 shift and this favors IgG instead of IgE

Question 43

How to recognize chimeric antibody

Answer 43

-xi root Examples: infliximab, rituximab and abciximab

Question 44

Chimeric antibodies contain __________ constant domain and ____________ variable domains.

Answer 44

human; mouse

Question 45

Antigen exposure converts B cells into

Answer 45

lymphoblasts

Question 46

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR/T cells) combine both antibody like recognition site with

Answer 46

T-cell activating function

Question 47

Why are NK cells expanded and delivered to patients?

Answer 47

Eliminate cancer stem cells and differentiation of the remaining tumors to inhibit cancer metastasis