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Y1 Respiratory > Pharmacology - Rhinitis and Rhinorrhoea > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Rhinitis and Rhinorrhoea Flashcards

1
Q

how does rhinitis present?

A

rhinorrhoea
sneezing
itching
nasal congestion

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2
Q

what are the three types of rhinitis?

A

allergic
non allergic
mixed

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3
Q

what are the three classifications of allergic rhinitis?

A

seasonal (SAR)
perennial (PAR)
episodic (EAR)

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4
Q

what triggers allergic rhinitis?

A

inhalation of an antigen, resulting in increased IgE release

triggers mast cell degranulation = immune response

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5
Q

what is non-allergic rhinitis?

A

any rhinitis which doesn’t involve IgE dependent events

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6
Q

name five types of non-allergic rhinitis

A 
infectious 
hormonal 
vasomotor 
NARES
drug induced
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7
Q

when is hormonal rhinitis common?

A

pregnancy

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8
Q

what is the most common cause of infectious rhinitis?

A

viral infection

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9
Q

what is NARES?

A

non allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome

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10
Q

what drug can cause drug induced rhinitis?

A

aspirin

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11
Q

what drugs are given for anti-inflammatory effect in rhinitis?

A

glucocorticoids

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12
Q

what drugs are given to cause mediator receptor blockade in rhinitis?

A

H1 receptor antagonists

CysLT1 receptor antagonists

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13
Q

what drugs are given to limit nasal blood flow in rhinitis?

A

vasoconstrictors

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14
Q

what drug can be given as an anti-allergenic for rhinitis?

A

sodium cromoglicate

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15
Q

what is the mainstay of therapy for allergic rhinitis?

A

glucocorticoids

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16
Q

how are glucocorticoids administered for rhinitis?

A

topically as a spray to the nasal mucosa

17
Q

what can glucocorticoids be given alongside in mod-sev rhinitis?

A

anti histamines

18
Q

name three glucocorticoids

A

beclomethasone
fluticasone
prednisolone

19
Q

what is another name for H1 receptor antagonists?

A

anti histamines

20
Q

what is the MOA of H1 receptor antagonists?

A

competitive antagonists that reduce effects of mast cell derived histamine

21
Q

what type of rhinitis are anti-histamines useful for?

A

allergic

22
Q

how are anti-histamines administered for rhinitis?

A

orally

intranasal spray - azelastine

23
Q

name three anti-histamines

A

loratadine
fexofenadine
cetirizine

24
Q

how are anti-cholinergics administered for rhinitis?

A

intranasally

25
Q

what side effect can anti cholinergic drugs for rhinitis have?

A

dryness of the nasal membranes

26
Q

name an anti cholinergic that can be given for rhinitis

A

ipratropium

27
Q

name a CysLT receptor antagonist given for rhinitis

A

montelukast

28
Q

name a vasoconstrictor that may be given for allergic rhinitis

A

oxymetazoline

Y1 Respiratory (24 decks)

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