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Y1 Respiratory > Pleural Disease > Flashcards

Pleural Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is a pleural effusion?

A

an abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural space

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2
Q

what does straw coloured pleural effusion suggest?

A

cardiac failure

hypoalbuminaemia

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3
Q

what does blood pleural effusion suggest?

A

trauma
malignancy
infection
infarction

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4
Q

what does a milky pleural effusion suggest?

A

empyema

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5
Q

what does a foul smelling pleural effusion suggest?

A

anaerobic empyema

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6
Q

what does the presence of food particles in a pleural effusion suggest?

A

oesophageal rupture

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7
Q

what are the two main types of pleural effusion?

A

transudate

exudate

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8
Q

what protein level is present in a transudate pleural effusion?

A

<30

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9
Q

name some causes of a transudate pleural effusion

A 
heart failure
cirrhosis 
hypoalbuminaemia 
atelectasis
peritoneal dialysis
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10
Q

what protein level is present in an exudate pleural effusion?

A

> 30

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11
Q

name some possible causes of an exudate pleural effusion

A

malignancy
infection
pulmonary infarction
asbestos

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12
Q

which type of pleural effusion suggests a more serious pathology?

A

exudate

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13
Q

what is the normal pH of a pleural effusion?

A

7.6

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14
Q

what is mesothelioma?

A

rare malignant tumour of the lining of the lung

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15
Q

what increases the risk of developing mesothelioma?

A

exposure to asbestos

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16
Q

how can mesothelioma present?

A 
breathlessness
chest pain
weight loss
fever
sweating
cough
17
Q

when does mesothelioma usually present?

A

30-40 years after asbestos exposure

18
Q

how does mesothelioma present on CXR?

A

pleural thickening - makes the lungs look smaller

19
Q

what are the three types of asbestos and which is most common?

A

chrysolite - common
amosite
crocidolite

20
Q

what is the most dangerous type of asbestos?

A

crocidolite

21
Q

how can mesothelioma be managed?

A 
pleuodeses effusions 
radiotherapy 
surgery 
chemotherapy 
palliative care
22
Q

what cancers can metastasise to the pleura?

A 
lung
breast
upper GI
lymphoma
melanoma
ovary
23
Q

what is the median survival in pleural malignancy?

A

3-12 months

24
Q

what score is used to predict survival in pleural malignancy?

A

LENT score

  • LDH
  • ECOG PS
  • neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio
  • tumour type
25
Q

what is a small pneumothorax?

A

<2cm rim of air

26
Q

what is a large pneumothorax?

A

> 2cm rim of airr

27
Q

what is the management of a tension pneumothorax/

A

needle decompression in the second ICS, mid clavicular line

Y1 Respiratory (24 decks)

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