PharmQ2 Flashcards
(46 cards)
Affinity
the strength of binding between a drug and its receptor
(measure of affinity is called the dissociation constant (KD)
Efficacy
the degree to which a drug has an exact fit to the receptor or produces the desired effect
Agonist
a drug that binds to a cell receptor and causes an action
(has both affinity and efficacy)
Antagonist
(competive/noncompetitive)
a drug that inhibits or blocks the response of the receptor site
(has affinity but no efficacy)
Osmotic
pull water form tissues and cells due to a molecular size or chemical effect that attracts water
Chelator
Types of compounds used as drugs that physically combine with ions or other specific compounds to produce their effects
Bactericidal
Kills bacteria
Bacteriostatic
Inhibits reproduction
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC value)
the lowest concentration of drug at which growth of the bacterium is inhibited
Bacterial sensitivity
a sensitivity analysis is a test that determines the “sensitivity” of bacteria to an antibotic
Bioavailability
measure of the degree to which a drug is absorbed and reaches systemic circulation
Which route of administration produces the greatest bioavailablity
IV injection
skips the absorption phase => gets to tissues faster
Withdrawal time
the period of time after drug administration during which the animal cannot be sent to market for slaughter as food and the eggs or milk must be discarded
Which commonly used route of administration would skip the phase of absorption
IV injection
What primary organs are responsible for the phases of biotransformation
primary organ is the liver
other locations include the lungs, skin, intestinal tract, kidney, and nervous system
What primary organs are responsible for excretion
most drugs are excreted via the kidney into the urine
Other routes of elimination include the liver, lungs, salivary glands, milk, intestinal tract, hair, nails, and hooves
Which of the mechanisms of absorption require energy?
active transport and phagocytosis/pinocytosis
(no energy Diffusion = Facilitated diffusion, passive diffusion)
Protein binding
(drug distribution)
i. Some drugs will bind to proteins (albumin) in the blood and the large drug-protein complexes become trapped in the circulation.
ii. Animals with low protein levels will have less protein available for binding and more free drug available for the target tissues.
Volume of distribution
(drug distribution)
Drug concentration in the blood will lower if the drug has a large volume to distribute through.
ii. Diseases that produce extra body fluid (edema, ascites) will have less drug concentration in the blood and tissues due to a greater volume of distribution.
Storage sites
(drug distribution)
Drugs may become bound to other tissues such as milk, bone, and fat
Prodrug
Drugs that require biotransformation to become active
Google : a biologically inactive compound which can be metabolized in the body to produce a drug
What is the most common route of drug excretion?
Renal excretion
Factors affecting excretion
Renal perfusion, Clearance rate, Half life, Patient age, concurrent disease, percent of functioning nephrons, types of drugs/secondary drugs, tubulam,r reabsorption
Which species has a reduced ability to biotransform drugs due to deficiency of glucoronic acid needed for conjugation in phase 2 of biotransformation
felines
