Phonetics-exam 3

Question 1

Monopthongs

Answer 1

Pure vowel; single unchanging sound quality One primary position in vocal tract

Question 2

Diphthongs

Answer 2

Gradual change in articulation 2 distinct articulatory positions

Question 3

First element and second element of a diphthong

Answer 3

First: on glide Second: off glide

Question 4

Off glides are always one of two vowels, what are they?

Answer 4

Question 5

Vowel classification: tongue height

Answer 5

Position of the body of the tongue in the mouth during production. How high or low in oral cavity during production

Question 6

Vowel classification: Tongue advancement

Answer 6

How far forward or back in the mouth the tongue is during production.

Question 7

Vowel classification: lip rounding

Answer 7

Whether or not the lips are rounded (protruded) or unrounded (retracted) during the production. Most back vowels rounded Most front vowels retracted

Question 8

Vowel classification: tense or lax

Answer 8

Tense usually lasts longer in duration and require more muscle effort Lax never end a stressed open syllable

Question 9

Articulatory characteristics of /i/

Answer 9

Tongue height: high Tongue advancement: front Lip rounding: retracted Tense

Question 10

Articulatory characteristics of /I/

Answer 10

Tongue height: high Tongue advancement: front Lip rounding: retracted Lax

Question 11

Peculiarities of /I/

Answer 11

Sounds like /i/ but is really /I/ -unstressed syllables ending in “y” -“-ing” nasalization affects -r-colored vowel

Question 12

Articulatory characteristics of /e/

Answer 12

Tongue height: high mid Tongue advancement: front Lip rounding: retracted Tense

Question 13

Articulatory characteristics of /E/

Answer 13

Tongue height: low mid Tongue advancement: front Lip rounding: retracted Lax

Question 14

Peculiarities of /E/

Answer 14

R-colored vowel

Question 15

Articulatory characteristics of /ae/

Answer 15

Tongue height: low Tongue advancement: front Lip rounding: retracted Lax

Question 16

Peculiarities of /ae/

Answer 16

Nasality perception affects, used when used with the nasal “ng “

Question 17

Articulatory characteristics of /u/

Answer 17

Tongue height: high Tongue advancement: back Lip rounding: rounded Tense

Question 18

Peculiarities of /u/

Answer 18

Often preceded by /j/ as in “you” -/ju/

Question 19

Articulatory characteristics of

Answer 19

Tongue height: high Tongue advancement: back Lip rounding: rounded Lax

Question 20

Peculiarities of

Answer 20

R colored vowel

Question 21

Articulatory characteristics of /o/

Answer 21

Tongue height: high mid Tongue advancement: back Lip rounding: rounded Tense Diphthong used when stressed or at end of word

Question 22

Articulatory characteristics of

Answer 22

Tongue height: low mid Tongue advancement: back Lip rounding: rounded Tense

Question 23

Peculiarities of

Answer 23

R colored vowel

Question 24

Articulatory characteristics of

Answer 24

Tongue height: low Tongue advancement: back Lip rounding: retracted Tense Only back retracted vowel

Question 25

Peculiarities of

Answer 25

R colored vowel

Question 26

articulatory characteristics of the schwa

Answer 26

Tongue height: mid Tongue advancement: central Lip rounding: retracted Lax Unstressed syllables

Question 27

Articulatory characteristics of /^/

Answer 27

Tongue height: low mid Tongue advancement: back central Lip rounding: retracted Lax Stressed syllables Not in open syllables except for "the"

Question 28

Articulatory characteristics of the schwar

Answer 28

Tongue height: mid Tongue advancement: central Lip rounding: rounded Lax Unstressed syllables

Question 29

Articulatory characteristics of the /3^/

Answer 29

Tongue height: mid Tongue advancement: central Lip rounding: rounded Tense Stressed syllables Only tense central vowel

Question 30

What are the point vowels?

Answer 30

/i/ /ae/ /u/ /a/

Question 31

R colored vowel

Answer 31

Often found before /r/ Vowel partially assumes the quality of the consonant /r/ Rhombic diphthong "Hear" - /hIr/

Question 32

What are the r-colored vowels

Answer 32

Question 33

Resonant Categorizing of Vowels

Answer 33

Sonorant Vowel like (nasals, liquids, glides) Voiced Resonance through entire vocal tract

Question 34

Nonresonant Categorizing of Vowels

Answer 34

Obstruent Minimal vocal resonance (stops, fricatives, affricates) Voiced: 2 sound sources, obstruction and vfs. Source and filter Voiceless: no source.

Question 35

Feature Analysis Vowel Classification

Answer 35

Organize things by type Classify things by + or - of having the features Distinctive features

Question 36

Articulatory classification of consonants

Answer 36

Manner: how speech sounds are produced Place: where speech sounds are produced (teeth, lips, tongue) Voicing: whether vocal folds vibrate (voiced or voiceless)

Question 37

Manner of articulation: stops

Answer 37

Complete closure of vocal tract Airflow temporarily blocked Air pressure builds up Release produces a stop burst or plosive Velopharynx is closed Fastest movements in speech

Question 38

What are the 7 stop consonants?

Answer 38

/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /?/

Question 39

Tap (stop)

Answer 39

When the alveolar stop is somewhere between voiced and voiceless Rapid movement of tongue tip against alveolar ridge creating a very brief stop consonant "Batter" has a mixed b and t sound

Question 40

The velopharyngeal port is ______ most of the time during speech except for nasals

Answer 40

Closed

Question 41

Manner of articulation: nasals

Answer 41

Complete oral closure Open Velopharynx /m,n,ng/

Question 42

Manner of articulation: fricatives

Answer 42

Narrow constriction where air escapes with a continuous noise Articulators form the narrow constriction and air pressure builds Velopharynx closed

Question 43

What are the 9 fricatives consonants

Answer 43

Question 44

Manner of articulation: affricates

Answer 44

Combination of stop closure and fricative

Question 45

Manner of articulation: approximately consonants - liquids

Answer 45

Vowel like with voicing energy constricted only slightly more than vowels /l/ /r/

Question 46

Vowel

Answer 46

Speech sound formed without significant construction of oral/pharyngeal cavities and serves as a syllable nucleus