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CSUS Speech-Language Pathology > Speech Disorders - Exam 2 > Flashcards

Speech Disorders - Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ukrainetz (2015) says molecular genetics allows researches to investigate the _____ ___________ for any disease or disorder.

A

genes responsible

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2
Q

Molecular genetics has shown us that there is a broad, ______ _________ _____, that can result in speech, language, or reading disorder (Ukrainetz, 2015).

A

verbal heritable disorder

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3
Q

What does a parent say about their child’s speech that is a genetic red flag?

A

“He sounds just like I did when I was a child”

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4
Q

Decreased phonological awareness skills have been implicated in ____ _______ _______ in young children.

A

poor reading ability

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5
Q

Children in which SES have a slightly greater number of SSDs?

A

Low-income/poverty

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6
Q

Name some environmental factors of articulation and phonological development

A

SES
role models
health insurance

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7
Q

Name familial and personal factors of articulation and phonological development

A

birth order and number of siblings
gender (SSDs more common in boys)
age

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8
Q

Children between the ages of 4-6 start to sound like ______

A

adults

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9
Q

Improvements on articulation and phonological development can be made until age __

A

8

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10
Q

Children with SSD will probably have an IQ of __ or _____

A

70, lower

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11
Q

With SSDs, speech sounds are learned in ___ ____ sequence, just more ______

A

same sequence, slowly

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12
Q

What is the most frequent error for individuals with SSD?

A

consonant deletion

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13
Q

Children with SSDs may use…

A

incomplete sentences, shorter utterances, and less complex language

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14
Q

As sentence length and complexity increases, speech sound errors ________

A

increase

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15
Q

Speech sound errors especially increase when children are trying to produce…

A

polysyllabic words

complex, compound, or passive sentences

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16
Q

Tongue Thrust

A

“reverse swallow” that is habitual or obligatory

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17
Q

Obligatory Tongue Thrust is when the _______ or ________ are enlarged, which partially _____ the posterior airway passage.

A

tonsils, adenoids, block

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18
Q

Orofacial Myology

A

the study of relationships among dentition, speech, non-speech, tongue, and facial muslces.

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19
Q

What is the Tx for Tongue thrust?

A

Orofacial Myology

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20
Q

TT: during swallowing, the tongue _____ _______ putting the tip in contact with the _____ ___.

A

comes forward, lower lip

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21
Q

TT: at rest, the tongue is _______ - the tip is between or against the ________ teeth while the mandible is ____.

A

forward, anterior, open

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22
Q

TT: during speech, the tongue is _______ and against or between ________ teeth while the mandible is slightly ____.

A

fronted, anterior, open

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23
Q

TT can contribute to ____________.

A

malocclusion

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24
Q

TT speech errors may include distortions of /__,__,__/ and interdentalization of /__,__,__,__/

A

/s,z,l/

/t,d,n,l/

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25
Why is TT not treated in public schools?
because it doesn't have an adverse impact on a child's access to the curriculum indirectly refer out!
26
TT treatment according to ASHA
It is withing the SLP's scope of practice if they are highly trained and working on a team with appropriate professionals.
27
What are some problems found in children with hearing loss?
``` omissions of initial and final consonants diphthong and vowel substitutions inappropriate prosody pitch too high or too low more frequent pauses epenthesis hypernasality produce consonant and vowel distortions ```
28
When it comes to auditory discrimination, train _______ __________ because it helps BOTH __ and __________.
correct production, AD, production
29
If the Soft palate has VPI, then there may not be good __ _______ (affecting which consonants, especially?), may use _______ ____ for other sounds, and may also have _____ ________ and _____________.
``` VP closure (fricatives, affricates, and stops) glottal stop, nasal emissions, hypernasality ```
30
In the nasopharynx, the ________ (or nasopharyngeal tonsils) may be _____________.
adenoids, hypertrophied
31
Hypertrophied adenoids can block the __________ _____ opening into the nasopharynx, depriving the ______ ___ of ventilation.
eustachian tube, middle ear
32
Malocclusion classes I, II, and III
Class I: no overbite, just crooked teeth Class II: Overbite Class III: Underbite
33
Anatomic Structures that affect articulation and phonological development
``` Soft Palate Nasopharynx Hard Palate Teeth Lips Tongue ```
34
Problems with the tongue may include...
ankyloglossia, macroglossia, microglossia, glossectomy.
35
Ankyloglossia
short lingual frenum
36
Macroglossia v. Microglossia
tongue too big | tongue too small
37
Glossectomy
partial or total removal of the tongue due to cancer
38
Neurological Factors that affect articulation and phonological development
Dysarthria, Cerebral Palsy, Apraxia of Speech
39
Dysarthria
SSD associated with PNS or CNS damage. respiration issues speech muslces weak, uncoordinated, or paralyzed. causes: TBI, degenerative diseases, cerebral palsy.
40
Cerebral Palsy
neuromotor disorder in children nonprogressive due to fetal anoxia (deprivation of oxygen - pre, peri, and post natal) developmental dysarthria
41
Apraxia of Speech
CNS damage to Broca's Area adults - usually due to stroke
42
Motor Skills are tested with measures of _______________ ____ (___). Children attain ___ rates between __-__ years. ___ isn't necessarily a factor in SSDs.
Diadochokinetic Rate (DDK), DDK, 9-15, DDK.
43
Public schools treat _________ not ___________.
Disorders, Differences.
44
Speech sound errors: transfer from _____ language or is it the actual characteristics of a ________.
first, disorder
45
dialects
mutually intelligible forms of language associated with a particular region, ethnicity, or social class.
46
Two kinds of bilingualism
simultaneous (exposed to 2 languages from birth) | successive (L1 at birth, L2 comes later)
47
the ___ of L2 acquisition is important for accent.
age
48
a good L2 accent comes if exposed to L2 before approximately __ years of age.
8
49
Many Native American Languages are spoken mainly by ______, not ________.
elders, children
50
Many Native American Languages have _______ _____.
Glottal Stops
51
Phonological Characteristics of Spanish
5 vowels doesn't have /v, th (v & vl), z, meaSUre/ no initial s- cluster
52
During assessment and treatment, make sure the interpreter speaks in the same _______.
dialect
53
Which region of Africa does AAE come from?
West Africa
54
5 factors influencing the use of AAE
``` Age (younger children) SES (low income) Geographic Location (South) Education (low education) Gender (boys) ```
55
Phonological Characteristics of AAE
Metathesis (aks v. ask) FCD Consonant Cluster Reduction d/th
56
What does DEVL stand for?
Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation
57
There is a great heterogenity of language between these 3 groups
Chinese, Filipino, and Asian Indians
58
Arabic Language Characteristics
29 letters, 1 vowel glottal stops and pharyngeal fricatives written right to left
59
Japanese substitutions when speaking English
r/l, s/th(vl), s/th(v),b/v epenthesis
60
Tagalog (Phillippines) common substitutions
p/f, b/v, s/z, t/th(vl), d/th(v)
61
Khmer (Cambodia)
monosyllabic and disyllabic words. have difficulty in english with polysyllabic words
62
Hmong (Laos)
No /z/ or /w/ one final consonant /ing/
63
Vietnamese
Monosyllabic Tonal No word-final consonant clusters FCD
64
Chinese
mandarin and cantonese tonal languages (tone changes meaning) no consonant clusters FCD

CSUS Speech-Language Pathology (23 decks)

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