Phycopathology

Question 1

What is a social norm?

Answer 1

A rule/ judgement about how people should behave

Question 2

Deviation from Social Norms

Answer 2

Someone behaves in a way that some would judge to be unexpected or unacceptable

Question 3

APD

Answer 3

Anti social personality disorder

Question 4

What is FFA (Failure to Function Adequately)?

Answer 4

Behaviour is abnormal if the person is not coping with typical activities and demands involved in day to day life

Question 5

Rosenhan and Seligman (1989) additional signs someone isn’t coping

Answer 5

1. Atypical interpersonal interactions e.g. not maintaining eye contact
2. Extreme personal distress
3. Irrational or a danger to themselves or others

Question 6

Deviation from Ideal Mental Health -Jahoda (1958)

Answer 6

Instead of looking at what makes someone abnormal, look at what makes them ‘normal’ and psychologically stable with the 8 criteria of mental health

Question 7

We have no…

Answer 7

…symptoms or distress

Question 8

We are rational…

Answer 8

…and can perceive ourselves accurately

Question 9

We self-…

Answer 9

…actualise (strive to reach our potential)

Question 10

We can cope…

Answer 10

…with stress

Question 11

We are independent…

Answer 11

…of others

Question 12

We have good…

Answer 12

…self esteem and lack of guilt

Question 13

We can successfully…

Answer 13

…work, love and enjoy our leisure

Question 14

We have a realistic…

Answer 14

…view of the world

Question 15

Statistical Infrequency

Answer 15

Uses the statistical average or mean as an indicator of ‘normal’ behaviour that is seen most typical or frequent, behaviour that deviates/ is infrequent/ is statistically rare is abnormal

Question 16

DSM

Answer 16

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 17

What is the definition of a phobia?

Answer 17

An excessive and irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity.

Question 17

True or False: Phobias can interfere with daily functioning.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The three main types of phobias are ______, ______, and ______.

Answer 18

specific phobias, social phobia, agoraphobia

Question 19

What is the main characteristic of social phobia?

Answer 19

Intense fear of social situations and being judged by others.

Question 20

What is agoraphobia?

Answer 20

Fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable.

Question 21

Which therapy is commonly used to treat phobias?

Answer 21

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Question 22

What is the role of exposure therapy in treating phobias?

Answer 22

Gradual exposure to the feared object or situation to reduce anxiety.

Question 23

What is depression?

Answer 23

A mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities.

Question 24

True or False: Depression can manifest physically, causing fatigue and changes in appetite.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What are common symptoms of depression?

Answer 25

Low mood, fatigue, changes in sleep and appetite, difficulty concentrating.

Question 26

Fill in the blank: Major depressive disorder is diagnosed when symptoms persist for ______ weeks or more.

Answer 26

two

Question 27

What is the biological theory of depression?

Answer 27

It suggests that depression is linked to imbalances in neurotransmitters in the brain.

Question 28

What is OCD?

Answer 28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions).

Question 29

True or False: Compulsions are intended to reduce anxiety caused by obsessions.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

What is the difference between obsessions and compulsions?

Answer 30

Obsessions are intrusive thoughts; compulsions are repetitive behaviors performed to alleviate anxiety.

Question 31

What is one common treatment for OCD?

Answer 31

Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) therapy.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The cognitive theory of OCD suggests that individuals have a ______ to overestimate threats.

Answer 32

tendency

Question 33

What is the prevalence of OCD in the general population?

Answer 33

Approximately 1-2%

Question 34

Which neurotransmitter is often associated with both depression and OCD?

Answer 34

Serotonin

Question 35

What is a common misconception about phobias?

Answer 35

That they are simply exaggerated fears that can be easily overcome.

Question 36

True or False: Cognitive-behavioral therapy is ineffective for treating depression.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

What role do genetics play in the development of depression?

Answer 37

Genetic predisposition can increase the risk of developing depression.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: ______ therapy focuses on changing negative thought patterns associated with depression.

Answer 38

Cognitive

Question 39

What is a common trigger for the onset of depression?

Answer 39

Stressful life events, such as loss or trauma.

Question 40

What is the impact of phobias on quality of life?

Answer 40

Phobias can severely limit an individual's ability to engage in everyday activities.

Question 41

What is the estimated percentage of the population that experiences a specific phobia at some point in their life?

Answer 41

About 12.5%

Question 42

What is a key component of CBT for phobias?

Answer 42

Identifying and challenging irrational thoughts related to the phobia.

Question 43

True or False: People with OCD often recognize that their obsessions and compulsions are irrational.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

What is the function of compulsions in OCD?

Answer 44

To prevent a feared event or reduce anxiety, even if the link is irrational.

Question 45

Fill in the blank: The ______ model of depression emphasizes the interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors.

Answer 45

biopsychosocial

Question 46

What is the first-line treatment for moderate to severe depression?

Answer 46

Antidepressant medication combined with therapy.

Question 48

What are the four definitions of abnormality in psychology?

Answer 48

Statistical infrequency, deviation from social norms, failure to function adequately, and deviation from ideal mental health.

Question 49

True or False: Statistical infrequency defines abnormality based on how common a behavior is.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

What is a limitation of the statistical infrequency definition of abnormality?

Answer 50

It does not account for the desirability of certain behaviors or traits.

Question 51

Fill in the blank: Deviation from social norms relies on _____ and cultural context.

Answer 51

societal expectations

Question 52

Multiple Choice: Which definition of abnormality considers the inability to cope with everyday life?

Answer 52

Failure to function adequately

Question 53

What is one criticism of the failure to function adequately definition?

Answer 53

It can be subjective and depend on cultural standards.

Question 54

True or False: The deviation from ideal mental health definition includes criteria such as self-actualization.

Answer 54

True

Question 55

What is a key strength of the deviation from ideal mental health definition?

Answer 55

It provides a comprehensive framework for understanding mental health.

Question 56

Multiple Choice: Which definition is most likely to vary across cultures?

Answer 56

Deviation from social norms

Question 57

What aspect of abnormality does statistical infrequency primarily focus on?

Answer 57

Frequency of behavior in the population.

Question 58

Fill in the blank: The failure to function adequately definition may include _____ behavior.

Answer 58

maladaptive

Question 59

True or False: All definitions of abnormality are universally accepted.

Answer 59

False

Question 60

What is a limitation of using social norms to define abnormality?

Answer 60

Social norms can change over time and vary between cultures.

Question 61

Multiple Choice: Which definition is least likely to consider the individual's perspective?

Answer 61

Statistical infrequency

Question 62

What is one advantage of the failure to function adequately definition?

Answer 62

It considers the individual's subjective experience.

Question 63

Fill in the blank: The criteria for ideal mental health include _____ and positive relationships.

Answer 63

self-acceptance

Question 64

True or False: Deviation from ideal mental health is based on the absence of positive characteristics.

Answer 64

True

Question 65

What does the term 'cultural relativism' refer to in the context of abnormality?

Answer 65

The idea that norms and values vary across cultures.

Question 66

Multiple Choice: Which definition of abnormality might lead to labeling individuals?

Answer 66

Deviation from social norms

Question 67

What is one potential issue with statistical infrequency?

Answer 67

It may overlook the needs of individuals with rare but serious conditions.

Question 68

Fill in the blank: Failure to function adequately can manifest as _____ in daily activities.

Answer 68

dysfunction

Question 69

True or False: The ideal mental health definition provides a clear standard for mental health.

Answer 69

True

Question 70

What is a common critique of the ideal mental health definition?

Answer 70

It sets unrealistic expectations for individuals.

Question 71

Multiple Choice: Which definition of abnormality is most closely related to cultural standards?

Answer 71

Deviation from social norms

Question 72

What is a strength of the statistical infrequency definition?

Answer 72

It provides a clear, quantitative measure of behavior.

Question 73

Fill in the blank: The failure to function adequately definition emphasizes the importance of _____ in daily life.

Answer 73

functionality

Question 74

True or False: All four definitions of abnormality can be used in isolation.

Answer 74

False

Question 75

What is the role of societal norms in the definition of abnormality?

Answer 75

They help determine what is considered acceptable behavior.

Question 76

Multiple Choice: Which definition would likely consider a person with severe depression as abnormal?

Answer 76

Failure to function adequately

Question 77

What does the term 'statistical infrequency' imply about behaviors?

Answer 77

Behaviors that are rare or not commonly observed in the population are considered abnormal.

Question 78

Fill in the blank: The ideal mental health definition includes criteria such as _____ and the ability to cope with stress.

Answer 78

autonomy

Question 79

True or False: The definitions of abnormality are static and do not evolve over time.

Answer 79

False