Physical Science

Question 0

Mass number

Answer 0

Number of protons and neutrons

Question 1

Atomic number

Answer 1

Number of protons

Question 2

Ionic bond

Answer 2

Transfers of electrons

Question 3

Covalent bond

Answer 3

Sharing of electrons

Question 4

Substance being dissolved (often solid)

Answer 4

Solute

Question 5

Substance doing the dissolving (often liquid)

Answer 5

Solvent

Question 6

Solvent and a dissolved solute

Answer 6

Solution

Question 7

Measurement of the amount of substance in an object

Answer 7

Mass

Question 8

Gravitational force pulling down on an object

Answer 8

Weight

Question 9

Kinetic energy of molecules transferred from a warmer substance to a cooler one

Answer 9

Heat

Question 10

Measurement of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance

Answer 10

Temperature

Question 11

Combining a small nuclei into larger ones, releasing energy

Answer 11

Fusion (sun)

Question 12

Splitting of a large nucleus into smaller one, with the release of neutrons and energy

Answer 12

Fission (nuclear power plant)

Question 13

Electrons farthest from the nucleus

Answer 13

Valence electrons

Question 14

A positively charged ion

Answer 14

Cation

Question 15

A negatively charged ion

Answer 15

Anion

Question 16

The vertical columns on the periodic table are called:

Answer 16

Groups

Question 17

The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called:

Answer 17

Periods

Question 18

What indicates the size of an atom?

Answer 18

Atomic radius

Question 19

Atomic radius ______ from left to right and _______ from top to bottom

Answer 19

Decreases; increases

Question 20

The energy required to completely remove an electron from an atom or ion

Answer 20

Ionization energy

Question 21

Ionization energy _______ from left to right and _______ from top to bottom

Answer 21

Increases; decreases

Question 22

Energy released when an electron is added to a gaseous atom

Answer 22

Electron affinity

Question 23

Measure of the attraction an atom has for electrons in a chemical bond

Answer 23

Electronegativity

Question 24

Electronegativity _______ from left to right and _______ from top to bottom

Answer 24

Increases; decreases

Question 25

Malleability and ductility describe what elements?

Answer 25

Metals

Question 26

_______ have high ionization energy, electronegativity, poor conductors of heat, and gain electron easily

Answer 26

Nonmetals

Question 27

The elements of groups IA are called

Answer 27

Alkali metals

Question 28

The elements of group IIA are called

Answer 28

Alkaline earth metals

Question 29

Highly reactive nonmetals are called

Answer 29

Halogens

Question 30

Inert gases found in ground VIII are called

Answer 30

Noble gases

Question 31

What elements have a low ionization energy, very hard, high melting and boiling points, and exist in a variety of oxidative states?

Answer 31

Transition metals

Question 32

_______ reactions are those in which 2 or more reactants form one product

Answer 32

Synthesis

Question 33

_________ reactions defined in which a compound breaks down into two or more substances

Answer 33

Decomposition

Question 34

What reaction occurs when an atom of one compound is replaced by an atom of another element?

Answer 34

Single displacement reaction

Question 35

In what reactions do elements from two different compounds displaced each other to form 2 new compounds

Answer 35

Double displacement reaction

Question 36

What reaction occurs when a compound reacts with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide

Answer 36

Combustion

Question 37

Liquid phase escape into gas phase

Answer 37

Evaporation

Question 38

Gas back into the liquid phase

Answer 38

Condensation

Question 39

Pressure gas exerts when the 2 phases are at equilibrium

Answer 39

Vapor pressure

Question 40

Transition from liquid to solid

Answer 40

Solidification, freezing

Question 41

Transition from solid to liquid

Answer 41

Fusion, melting

Question 42

Solid goes directly to gas phase

Answer 42

Sublimation

Question 43

Gas into a solid phase

Answer 43

Deposition

Question 44

The interaction between solute and solvent molecule is known as:

Answer 44

Solvation or dissolution

Question 45

A pH of below 7 indicates an excess of ____ ions and therefor is a _____ solution

Answer 45

H+ acidic

Question 46

A pH of above 7 indicates an excess of ____ ions and therefor is a _____ solution

Answer 46

OH- basic

Question 47

What type of fission is characterized by the decay of certain nuclei and the emission of specific particles

Answer 47

Radioactive decay

Question 48

Unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons are known as:

Answer 48

Aromatics

Question 49

Name the branch of mechanics dealing with motion

Answer 49

Kinematics

Question 50

Define distance

Answer 50

Total amount of space moved

Question 51

Define displacement

Answer 51

Vector quantity that describes a change in position

Question 52

Average speed is equal to

Answer 52

Total distance/total time

Question 53

Average velocity is equal to

Answer 53

Displacement/change in time

Question 54

Acceleration =

Answer 54

Change in velocity/change in time

Question 55

Study of what causes motion

Answer 55

Dynamics

Question 56

Newton's first law of motion

Answer 56

A body either at rest or motion with constant velocity will remain that way unless a net force acts upon it

Question 57

Newton's second law of motion

Answer 57

Net force = mass x acceleration

Question 58

Newton's third law

Answer 58

To every action there is an opposite but equal reaction

Question 59

Work =

Answer 59

Force x displacement

Question 60

Kinetic energy =

Answer 60

1/2 mv^2

Question 61

Potential energy

Answer 61

Mgh

Question 62

Power =

Answer 62

Work/time

Question 63

SI unit of charge

Answer 63

Coulomb

Question 64

Voltage drop across a resistor is proportional to the current it carries is _____ law

Answer 64

Ohm's law

Question 65

A _____ is a pure substance that is composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed proportion

Answer 65

Compound