Physical Science

Question 1

what is specific heat

Answer 1

heat capacity per unit mass

Question 2

what is the specific heat capacity equation

Answer 2

C=q/ m x (change in) T

Question 3

what are intensive properties

Answer 3

do not depend on the amout of matter of quantity of the sample, - intensive properties include color, harness, melting point, boiling point, density, ductility

Question 4

what are extensive properties

Answer 4

volume, mass, weight, energy, entropy, number of moles - do depend on the amount of matter or quantity of th sample

Question 5

define weight

Answer 5

measure of the gravitation pull of Eart on an object

Question 6

define volume

Answer 6

measure of the amount of space occupied

Question 7

define density

Answer 7

measure of the amount of mass per unit volume

Question 8

define specific gravity

Answer 8

measure of the ratio of a substance’s density compared to the density of water

Question 9

define conduction

Answer 9

form of heat transfer that requries contact

Question 10

what is a physical property

Answer 10

something that can be observed or measure

Question 11

what is a chemical property

Answer 11

something that has to be tested scientifically

Question 12

properties of water

Answer 12

cohesive, adhesive, hydrophilic, also a good solvent, polar, high specific heat

Question 13

what is weaker than covalent and ionic bonds

Answer 13

hydrogen bonds

Question 14

what elements can make h2O bonds

Answer 14

O, F, N

Question 15

what does oxidation mean

Answer 15

the charge becomes more positive ( losing electrons)

Question 16

what does reduction mean

Answer 16

the charge becomes more negative (gaining electrons)

Question 17

hydrogen bonds are an important component of

Answer 17

proteins, nucleic acids and DNA

Question 18

what are passive transport mechanisms

Answer 18

simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis

Question 19

define diffusion

Answer 19

particles are transported from areas ofhighter concentration to areas of lower concentration

Question 20

define facilitated diffusion

Answer 20

specific moleculs are transported by a specific carrier protein

Question 21

define osmosis

Answer 21

diffusion of water from a high concentration of WATER to a low concentration of WATER ( low concentration of particles to a high concentration of particles)

Question 22

states of matter: Gas

Answer 22

flexible volume/shape, low density, high compressibility, very free molecular motion

Question 23

states of matter: liquid

Answer 23

volume constant, flexible shape, high density, no compressibility, move past each other freely

Question 24

states of matter: Solid

Answer 24

definite volume/shape, high density, no compressibility, vibrate around fixed positions

Question 25

Latent heat of fusion

Answer 25

a theshold that has to be overcome so that the state of matter can change

Question 26

latent heat of vaporization

Answer 26

a threshold that has to be overcome so boiling water can vaporize

Question 27

define melting

Answer 27

water going from a solid to a liquid

Question 28

define freezing

Answer 28

liquie to sold

Question 29

defined vaporization

Answer 29

liquid to vapor

Question 30

define condensation

Answer 30

vapor to liquid

Question 31

define sublimation

Answer 31

solid to gas

Question 32

define deposition

Answer 32

gas to solid

Question 33

define atmoshperic pressure

Answer 33

the speed of evaporation

Question 34

what are intermolcular cohesive forces

Answer 34

forces that pull the molecules together and in water establish hydrogen bonds

Question 35

what is the hydrologic cycle

Answer 35

process when warm air containing water vapor rises and then cools

Question 36

what is a reactive fradical

Answer 36

broken down chemical bonds that will readily form new bonds with electrons

Question 37

what is the law of the conservation of mass

Answer 37

matter can neither be created nor destroyed

Question 38

what is the octet rule

Answer 38

tendency of atoms to gain or lose electrons until their outer energy levels contain eight and are full

Question 39

what is a combination reaction

Answer 39

A + B = C

Question 40

what is a combination reaction known as

Answer 40

synthesis, or addition reaction

Question 41

what is a decomposition reaction

Answer 41

A > B + C

Question 42

most decomposition reactions are

Answer 42

endothermic (heat needs to be added)

Question 43

in acid/base reaction what does the acid do

Answer 43

donates a proton

Question 44

in acid/base reaction, what does the base do

Answer 44

accepts a proton

Question 45

what happens to the base when accepts a proton

Answer 45

the base becomes water

Question 46

what happens to the remaining ion after base becomes water

Answer 46

it becomes a salt

Question 47

what is combustion

Answer 47

exothermic process, releasing energy

Question 48

what remains the same about a catalyst during a reaction

Answer 48

the mass

Question 49

what is pH

Answer 49

the concentration of hydrogen ions

Question 50

what is a high pH

Answer 50

a base

Question 51

what is a low pH

Answer 51

acid

Question 52

what is halochromic

Answer 52

a pH indicator that changes color when hydrogen of hydronium is detected

Question 53

what do acids yield when dissolved

Answer 53

hydrogen ions

Question 54

what do bases yield when dissolved

Answer 54

hydroxide ions

Question 55

what word is used to describe bases

Answer 55

alkaline

Question 56

what does the strength of an acid or a base depend on

Answer 56

the degree to which its atoms ionize in solution

Question 57

what happens with a strong acid

Answer 57

all of the atoms ionize

Question 58

what happens with a weak acid

Answer 58

very few of the atoms ionize

Question 59

what does it mean for an atom to ionize

Answer 59

when they gain a positive or a negative charge

Question 60

what are properties of salts

Answer 60

are ionic compounds, dissociate in water, metal + non metal,

Question 61

what type of reaction happens between salt and water

Answer 61

a hydrolysis reaction