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560P Botanical Medicines Herbs - Gerber > Physiologic & Pharmacologic Actions > Flashcards

Physiologic & Pharmacologic Actions Flashcards

1
Q

Garlic

A

Anti-microbial. Reduce atherosclerotic lesions. Increase fibrinolysis, inhibit platelet aggregation, lower blood pressure/vasodilator

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2
Q

Ginkgo

A

Scavenge free radicals, open blood vessels, increase hypoxia tolerance, reduce retinal edema/lesions, improve memory/learning, inhibit platelet activation factor (PAF)

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3
Q

Onion

A

Antibacterial, lipid-reducing, antihypertensive, platelet-aggregation-inhibiting

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4
Q

Oat Bran

A

Lower cholesterol

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5
Q

Guar Gum

A

Lower cholesterol levels 6-8% and triglycerides 13-17% using 15g/day. Bind lipids

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6
Q

Red Yeast Rice

A

Inhibit HMG CoA—rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis.

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7
Q

Aloe vera

A

Laxative (aloe latex). Gel: anti-inflammatory, wound healing

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8
Q

Calendula

A

Stimulate blood vessel growth

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9
Q

Chamomile

A

Anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, carminative. Bacteriostatic, fungistatic

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10
Q

Comfrey

A

Demulcent, wound healing

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11
Q

Witch Hazel

A

Astringent, local anti-inflammatory

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12
Q

Tea Tree oil

A

antiseptic

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13
Q

Evening primrose oil

A

Provide GLA, bypassing delta 6 desaturase enzyme function.

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14
Q

Arnica

A

Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, respiratory stimulant, positive inotropic, uterine toner

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15
Q

Bromelain

A

Anti-inflammatory, anti exudative, prolong prothrombin time

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16
Q

Boswellia (Frankincense)

A

Anti-inflammatory

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17
Q

Capsicum

A

Initial reddening, pain, warmth followed by desensitization of nerve fibers

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18
Q

Devils Claw

A

Bitter tonic, antipyretic, analgesic, weak anti-inflammatory

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19
Q

Feverfew

A

Inhibit serotonin release form platelets. Antipyretic, toothache, headache,.

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20
Q

Willow Bark

A

Pain relief (analgesic), anti-inflammatory

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21
Q

Kava

A

Muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant, protective vs. strychnine poisoning. Reduce excitability of limbic system, neuroprotective vs. infarct. Local anesthetic (peripheral). Inhibit MAO-B. Interact w/ GABA-A receptor

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22
Q

Lavender

A

Potentiates GABA-A, inhibits spontaneous motor activity, sedative

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23
Q

Passion Flower

A

Reduce spontaneous locomotor activity

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24
Q

St. John’s Wort

A

Reuptake inhibition for: norepinephrine, 5-HT, dopamine. MAO inhibition, 5-HT1 activation. Down-reg: beta & DR1. Up-reg 5-HTR, alpha1; CYP3A4

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25
Valerian
Indian & Mexican var higher valpotriates. Valerenic acid may decrease GABA degradation. Calming effect. Anti-convulsant. Insomnia? Glutamine->GABA
26
Wormwood, Aka absinthe
Bitter.
27
Butcher’s Broom
Venous disorders
28
Foxglove
Improve heart function
29
Hawthorn
Increase amplitude heart cxn, up stroke volume, ?lower heart rate? Relax blood vessels via NO stimulation & less breakdown. K channel activator
30
Horse Chestnut
Lowers edema, increases venous tone
31
Caraway
carminative
32
German Chamomile
Anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, carminative. Bacteriostatic, fungistatic
33
Ginger
Antiemetic, cholegogue
34
Licorice
Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis & lipooxygenase
35
Peppermint
Inhibit cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) in liver; antispasmodic on ileum, blocks Ca+-exciting stimuli (Ca antagonist), cholagogue. Topical- Activate cold-sensitive A-delta fibers to inhibit pain.
36
Turmeric
Cholereyic, cholecystokinetic, anti-inflammatory, carminative, cholagogue, lipid-lowering, antioxidant
37
Buckthorn
Stimulant laxative– increase cAMP in enterocytes, increase propulsive motility, shorten transit time, decrease water/electrolyte absorption, antiabsorptive, cause tight junctions to leak Na & water back into lumen
38
Castor
Stimulant laxative– increase cAMP in enterocytes, increase propulsive motility, shorten transit time, decrease water/electrolyte absorption, antiabsorptive, cause tight junctions to leak Na & water back into lumen
39
Black Tea
Decrease bile acids, increase oxalic acid
40
Flax/ Linseed
Mucilaginous
41
Milk Thistle
Antitoxic (stabilizes membranes & antioxidant), promotes regeneration of liver cells via RNA stim. Antifibrotic
42
Psyllium
Mucilaginous, bulking (reflex peristalsis)
43
Brewer’s yeast
Increase phagocytosis, B-vitamin source
44
Senna
Stimulant laxative
45
Pelargonium
Immune modulator, antimicrobial, supports nitric oxide production, stimulates cytokines, TNF & interferon
46
Black Cohosh
Reduces serum levels of LH, acts on hormonal regulation. Selective estrogen-receptor modulators.
47
Chasteberry
Inhibit prolactin (selective stimulation of D2 dopamine receptors
48
Nettle
Inhibit prostatic aromatase & 5 α-reductase, interact w/SHBG, weak anti-inflammatory
49
Pumpkin seeds
Δ-7 sterols displace DHT from androgen receptors
50
Pygeum
inhibit 5 α-reductase & placental aromatase, reduce nocturia
51
Saw Palmetto
Antiandrogenic. Maybe inhibit 5 α-reductase, inhibit hyperprolactinemia, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory
52
Bearberry
Antibacterial/antiseptic *IF* urine is alkaline?
53
Asian Ginseng
CNS stimulation, protective from radiation, infection, toxins, stressors, carb/fat metabolism, RNA/protein biosynthesis, immune stimulant. Promote bifidibacteria
54
Siberian Ginseng
Protein-anabolic action, increase immunocompetent cells (T, NK, cytotoxic)
55
Ashwagandha (aka Indian ginseng)
Better RBC, hgb, hair melanin, lower cholesterol. Hypoglycemic
56
Cat’s Claw
Immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antitumor
57
Cordyceps
Scavenge ROS, help fatigue, cold intolerance, dizziness, amnesia, tinnitus, hyposexuality
58
Echinacea, which uses root extracts
Stimulate phagocytosis, some polysacch. Stim Il-1, tumor necrosis factor, interferon
59
European mistletoe
Stimulate T-lymphocytes & phagocytosis, increased cytokine secretion, increased cytotoxic effect on tumors
60
Goldenseal
No studies to support immune stimulation. Bitter. Berberine—antimicrobial
61
Gotu kola
Benefits connective tissue & wounds. Anxiolytic (lower startle response). longevity
62
Grape seed
Inhibit lipid peroxidation, scavenger free radicals, antioxidant. Inhibit enzymes that degrade extravascular matrix.
63
Rhodiola
Increase resistance to infection, reduce stress, enhance performance, antioxidant, cardioprotective
64
Elder
Diaphoretic prob. Only due to heat of tea
65
Ephedra
Vasoconstrictor, bronchodilator, stimulant. Hypertensive. Suppress coughing from mucosal stim. Antitussive. Reduce airway secretions– NOT expectorant
66
Eucalyptus
Stimulate cold receptors, subjective decongestant, improve nasal air flow, expectorant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antispasmodic, stimulates & breaks up secretions, surfactant-like
67
Linden
Diaphoretic prob. Only due to heat of tea

560P Botanical Medicines Herbs - Gerber (7 decks)

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