Physiological adaptations in response to training

Question 1

Heart Rate

Answer 1

Decreases - increased SV and improved efficiency of cardiovascular system

Question 2

Stroke Volume

Answer 2

Increase- left ventricle increases in size, strength of contraction of left ventricle increases, left ventricle fills more completely during diastole, more blood is circulating.

Question 3

Cardiac Output (Q)

Answer 3

Remains relatively unchanged - SV increases but heart rate decreases accordingly. Q = HR x SV (NEED MORE INFO)

Question 4

Oxygen Uptake

Answer 4

Increased - Increased number of oxidative enzymes (which assist in breaking down chemical compounds) and therefore increased number and size of mitochondria. Increased blood volume is also a factor

Question 5

Lung capacity

Answer 5

Little change- increased blood volume, therefore more red blood cells

Question 6

Haemoglobin level

Answer 6

Increased- Growth in the size of muscle fibres.
During exercise
May be evident as blood circulates to working muscles, however muscle fibre growth occurs during the rest and recovery phase in the days after exercise.

Question 7

Muscle hypertrophy

Answer 7

Increased- Growth in the size and function of muscle fibres, such as the capacity to contract strongly and/or for longer periods.

During exercise - Unchanged - Growth in the size of fast/slow twitch muscle fibres and their enhanced function occurs during the rest and recovery phase in the days after exercise.

Question 8

Fast/slow twitch fibres

Answer 8

Growth and repair of fibres following training

During exercise - increased strength and repetition of contraction due to increased size and aerobic function