Physiology of Joints Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Physiology of Joints Deck (35)
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1
Q

name the 3 types of joint

A

synovial
fibrous
cartilaginous

2
Q

give an example of a fibrous joint

A

bones of the skull

allows no movement

3
Q

what are bones in cartilaginous joint united by?

A

cartilage

4
Q

give an example of a cartilaginous joint

A

intervertebral disc

5
Q

what are the bones in synovial joints separated by? what does it contain?

A

a cavity containing synovial fluid

6
Q

what are bones in synovial joint united by?

A

fibrous capsule

7
Q

what is the inner aspect of fibrous capsule lined with in a synovial joint?

A

synovial membrane - vascular connective tissue

8
Q

what do synovial cells of the synovial membrane produce?

A

synovial fluid

9
Q

what are the articular surfaces of the bones covered with?

A

articular cartilage

10
Q

what can synovial joints be classified into?

A

simple or compound

11
Q

what differentiated between a simple or compound synovial joint?

A

simple - one pair of articular surfaces

compound - more than one pair of articular surfaces

12
Q

what are the roles of the joints during purposeful motion?

A

stress distribution
confer stability
joint lubrication

13
Q

name the functions of the synovial fluid.

A

lubrication
facilitate movement
nutrition
supplies O2 and removes CO2

14
Q

The synovial fluid is continuously replenished and absorbed by the synovial membrane

true or false?

A

true

15
Q

the presence of what allows the high viscosity of the synovial fluid?

A

hyaluronic acid - mucin

varies with movement

16
Q

what changes in the synovial fluid during movement?

A

viscosity and elasticity

17
Q

what effect does rapid movement have on the synovial fluid?

A

decreased viscosity
increased elasticity

impaired in osteoarthritis

18
Q

what is the normal WBC count in synovial fluid including polymorphs?

A

<200 WBC/mm3

polymorphs are usually <25/mm3

19
Q

the articular cartilage is usually what?

A

hyaline - elastic and sponge-like

20
Q

what is the cartilage made up of? name all 3.

A

water
collagen
proteoglycan

21
Q

name the net weight in percentage of each element

A

water - 70%
collagen - 20%
proteoglycan - 10%

22
Q

what type of collagen is present?

A

type II

23
Q

what is the cartilage mainly made up of?

A

ECM

24
Q

what is the ECM synthesised and degraded by?

A

chondrocytes

25
Q

name the catabolic factors in cartilage turnover

A

TNF-alpha
IL-1

inhibit proteoglycan synthesis

26
Q

name the anabolic factors in cartilage turnover

A

TGF-beta
IGF-1

stimulate proteoglycan synthesis

27
Q

name the 2 markers of cartilage degradation

A

serum and synovial keratin sulphate

type II collagen in synovial fluid

28
Q

what does wear and tear result in?

A

osteoarthritis

29
Q

what does synovial cell proliferation and inflammation cause?

A

rheumatoid arthritis

30
Q

what does deposition of salt crystals result in?

A

gouty arthritis

31
Q

what does injury and inflammation to periarticular structures cause?

A

soft tissue rheumatism

32
Q

name the needle shape and chemical element in gout

A

needle shaped

uric acid

33
Q

ame the needle shape and chemical element in pseudo-gout

A

rhomboid shaped

calcium pyrophosphate

34
Q

which type of gout is more common in the elderly?

A

pseudo-gout

35
Q

what’s the biggest drawback in the jungle?

A

josh rawcliffes foreskin