Soft Tissue Knee Injuries

Question 1

what could cause an extensor mechanism rupture? (4)

Answer 1

Rectus femoris tear
Quadriceps tendon rupture
Patellar fracture
Patellar tendon rupture

Question 2

an extensor mechanism injury normally occurs by falling onto a ______ knee with the ___________ contracted

Answer 2

flexed knee with quadriceps contracted

Question 3

people with extensor mechanism rupture are unable to ________ ___ _____.

Answer 3

straight leg raise

Question 4

what is the main purpose of menisci?

Answer 4

weight distribution

Question 5

the medial/lateral plateau is slightly more concave

Answer 5

medial

Question 6

the medial/lateral meniscus is more mobile

Answer 6

lateral

Question 7

the medial/lateral meniscus is under great amount of shear stress

Answer 7

medial

Question 8

name the 3 types of meniscal tears

Answer 8

longitudinal
bucket handle
radial
parrot beak

Question 9

how do most meniscal tears occur?

Answer 9

sporting injury in younger patients

getting up from squatting position in younger patients

Question 10

__% of ACL ruptures have meniscal tears

Answer 10

50

Question 11

how do you investigate meniscal tears?

Answer 11

MRI

Question 12

______ meniscal tears are much more common (x10 more) that _______ meniscal tears

Answer 12

medial more common than lateral

Question 13

what type of meniscal tears don’t heal?

Answer 13

radial

Question 14

only peripheral 1/3 of menisci has blood supply

true or false?

Answer 14

true

Question 15

when should you consider arthroscopic menisectomy?

Answer 15

mechanical symptoms

painful catching or locking

Question 16

Acute locked knee signifies displaced ______ ______ meniscal tear and requires urgent _______

Answer 16

bucket handle - urgent surgery

Question 17

MCL resists ______ stress

Answer 17

valgus

Question 18

LCL resists _____ stress

Answer 18

varus

Question 19

ACL resists anterior subluxation of the _____ and ________ rotation of the tibia in extension

Answer 19

anterior subluxation of the tibia and internal rotation of the tibia in extension

Question 20

PCL resists _________ subluxation of the _____ i.e. anterior ___________ of the _____ and hyperextension of the ____

Answer 20

posterior subluxation of the tibia i.e. anterior subluxation of the femur and hyperextension of the knee

Question 21

MCL rupture may lead to ______ instability

Answer 21

valgus

Question 22

ACL rupture may lead to ________ instability

Answer 22

rotatory

Question 23

PCL rupture may lead to recurrent ______________ or instability when __________ stairs

Answer 23

hyperextension

descending stairs

Question 24

MCL usually heals well

true or false?

Answer 24

true

Question 25

___ is the main stabiliser against IR of tibia

Answer 25

ACL

Question 26

ACL repair does not work - reconstruction only true or false?

Answer 26

true

Question 27

ACL: autograft - allograft -

Answer 27

autograft - hamstring or patellar tendon | allograft - achilles

Question 28

ACL - rule of _______

Answer 28

thirds

Question 29

ACL rupture surgery is considered when rotary instability is not responding to ______

Answer 29

physio

Question 30

LCL injury is relatively ________

Answer 30

uncommon

Question 31

what does the knee look like in LCL rupture?

Answer 31

varus and hyperextension

Question 32

does LCL heal?

Answer 32

no

Question 33

LCL injury often occurs in combination with PCL and ACL injury true or false?

Answer 33

true

Question 34

rupture of LCL needs urgent ______ if early but ______________ later

Answer 34

repair then reconstruction

Question 35

direct blow to the anterior tibia such as on a motorbike results in rupture of what?

Answer 35

PCL

Question 36

knee dislocation is a serious high energy injury with high incidence complications such as... (3)

Answer 36

popliteal artery injury nerve injury - common perineal nerve compartment syndrome

Question 37

mechanism of injury: ``` valgus - twisting - varus - hyperextension - getting up from squatting - ```

Answer 37

``` valgus - MCL twisting - ACL or meniscal varus - LCL hyperextension - PCL getting up from squatting - meniscal ```

Question 38

Football injury, twist, pop, haemarthrosis, generalised pain, pain settles after a few days, rotatory instability =

Answer 38

ACL rupture

Question 39

Getting up from squatting, sudden sharp pain medial joint line, effusion, recurrent medial pain & catching +/- locking =

Answer 39

Meniscal tear

Question 40

Q: What do you call white people running down a hill? A: An avalanche. Q: What do you call Mexicans running down a hill? A: A mudslide. Q: What do you call black people running down a hill? A; ?

Answer 40

A jail break