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Musculoskeletal > CORTEX Basic Science > Flashcards

Flashcards in CORTEX Basic Science Deck (25)
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1
Q

benign bone tumour:

a bony spur, originating the in metaphyseal regions of long bones, growing away from the epiphysis.

A

osteochondroma

2
Q

benign bone tumour:

A mostly lucent lesion, with a patchy sclerosis, found within the metaphyseal region of long bones.

A

enchondroma

3
Q

benign bone tumour:

A lucent, multi-loculated cyst found within the medulla of many different bones, often with associated cortical expansion.

A

aneurysmal bone cyst

4
Q

what is the name of the layer of thin connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibres?

A

endomysium

The connective tissue that surrounds the muscle as a whole is called the epimysium, the connective tissue around a single fascicle is the perimysium and the connetive tissue around a single muscle fibre is the endomysium.

5
Q

what are the risk factors for avascular necrosis?

A

excess alcohol intake
illicit steroid use
regular, prescribed prednisolone use

6
Q

malignant bone tumour:

A malignant tumour of endothelial cells in the marrow. Most cases occur between the ages of 10 and 20. It may be associated with fever, raised inflammatory markers and a warm swelling and may be misdiagnosed as osteomyelitis.

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

7
Q

malignant bone tumour:

A malignant primary bone tumour which tends to occur in abnormal bone (bone infarct, fibrous dysplasia, post irradiation, Paget’s disease), most commonly in adolescents or young adults.

A

fibrosarcoma

8
Q

malignant bone tumour:

The most common form of primary bone tumour, producing abnormal bone. Most cases are seen in younger age groups (adolescence and early adulthood) with 60% involving the bones around the knee.

A

osteosarcoma

9
Q

What is the name of the layer of connective tissue that surrounds a bundle of muscle fibres?

A

perimysium

10
Q

Sarcomas of the blood vessels are known as…

A

angiosarcoma

11
Q

Sarcomas of muscle are known as…

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

12
Q

Sarcomas of the fat are known as…

A

liposarcoma

13
Q

what 2 places can osteochondritis occur?

A

femoral head and the medial femoral condyle of the knee

14
Q

The sarcomere is defined as the region from one _ ____ to the next

A

z disc

15
Q

benign bone tumours:

Tumour often occuring arround the knee and distal radius with a ‘soap bubble’ appearance

A

giant cell tumour

16
Q

benign bone tumours:

A tumour extensively involving the proximal femur with cortical thinning and a ‘Shepherd’s crook’ deformity.

A

fibrous dysplasia

17
Q

benign bone tumours:

A single lucent lesion, often an incidental finding, found most commonly within metaphyseal regions

A

simple bone cyst

18
Q

what are cells found in cartilage called?

A

chondrocytes

19
Q

what features are more reassuring of a malignant swelling?

A

> 5cm in size
irregular surface
systemic upset with weight loss and fatigue

20
Q

the cells responsible for the destruction of bone during remodelling are…

A

osteoclasts

21
Q

what is the most abundant component of cartilage extracellular matrix?

A

water

22
Q

soft tissue swellings:

a collection of pus which can be formed secondary to a penetrating wound

A

abscess

23
Q

soft tissue swellings:

Inflammation of the usually present, small fluid filled sac lined by synovium around joints which prevents friction between tendons, bones, muscle and skin. This inflammation commonly occurs after repeatedpressure or trauma and, therefore, may present as a soft tissue swelling.

A

bursitis

24
Q

soft tissue swellings:

A cystic swelling which occurs around a synovial joint or tendon sheath, as a result of herniation or out‐pouching of a weak portion of joint capsule or tendon sheath.

A

ganglion

25
Q

You are the orthopaedic reigistrar in the out-patient clinic. You are referred an 11 year old boy by his GP because he is concerned about a lump which has appeared on the outside of his thigh, just above his knee. The boy and his father tell you it has grown in size and they’re quite concerned. The lump itself is painless although it sometimes catches on the ilio-tibial band on the lateral aspect of his thigh. The boy is well, he doesn’t complain of any other symptoms and doesn’t have any significant past medical history. There is no family history of similar problems.

On examination, the boy is slim and you can feel a firm, bony lump on the lateral aspect of the distal femoral metaphysis. The skin and soft tissues overlying the lump are healthy. You do an x-ray and it shows a bony spur originating from the distal femoral metaphysis. The cortex is otherwise normal.

What is the diagnosis?

A

osteochondroma