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Piaget Flashcards

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1
Q

Piaget’s Theory is a ________ theory

A

Constructivist

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2
Q

Children are _____ learners

A

Active

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3
Q

Why did Piaget propose that children are much like scientists?

A

Create hypotheses and test them

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4
Q

What are the 4 stages of development

A
  1. Sensorimotor
  2. Pre-operational
  3. Concrete operational
  4. Formal operational
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5
Q

To be able to move through the 4 stages, children need to

A

Organise schemas proficiently

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6
Q

How can children adapt to their environment/organise schemas more efficiently?

A

Assimilation

Accommodation

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7
Q

What are schemas

A

Mental representations/sets of rules

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8
Q

How are schemas developed?

A

Through experience (assimilation + accommodation)

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9
Q

How are schemas CHANGED?

A

Assimilation

Accommodation

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10
Q

Assimilation and accommodation are _____ processes

A

Dual

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11
Q

Assimilation

A

New input into existing schemas

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12
Q

Accommodation

A

Adjusting schema to new input

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13
Q

Assimilation leads to more ____ knowledge

A

Consolidated

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14
Q

Accommodation can be used to avoid

A

Disequilibrium

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15
Q

If learning to crawl is _______, encountering stairs is _________

A

Assimilation

Accommodation

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16
Q

Children may learn a new ‘grasping’ rule, where they need to grasp tightly if the object is hard.

This is an example of

A

Accommodation

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17
Q

Children pass through Piaget’s 4 stages in the _________

A

Same order

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18
Q

How old are children in the sensorimotor stage?

A

0-2

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19
Q

How old are children in the pre-operational stage?

A

2-7

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20
Q

How old are children in the concrete operational stage?

A

7-12

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21
Q

How old are children in the formal operational stage?

A

12+

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22
Q

2 key milestones of the sensorimotor stage are

A
  1. Object permanence

2. Self-awareness

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23
Q

In which stage do children begin to develop mental representations?

A

Sensorimotor

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24
Q

Sensorimotor

Dependence on the _____ of objects reduces

A

Presence

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25
Pre-operational 4 key milestones
1. Symbolic thinking 2. Egocentricity 3. Conservation of number 4. Less animism
26
Concrete operational 4 key milestones
1. Logical mental operations 2. Conservation of mass/length/weight 3. Metacognition 4. Understand cause-effect
27
In which stage does metacognition develop?
Concrete operational
28
In which stage does conservation of number develop?
Pre-operational
29
In which stage does symbolic thinking occur?
Pre-operational
30
In which stage does conservation of mass/length/weight and volume occur?
Concrete operational
31
Formal operational 2 key milestones
1. Abstract reasoning | 2. Formulation/testing of hypotheses
32
Joe is 13. What stage is he in?
Formal operational
33
Jess is 3. What stage is she in?
Pre-operational
34
Piaget's 4 stages are across c....
Cultures
35
Why is Piaget's view considered discontinuous?
Have to master one step before getting to next
36
Piaget's theory is an example of ______ development
Discontinuous
37
Sensorimotor stage Infants conquer their
Sensory motor system
38
Object permanence
Learning that when things are hidden, they do not cease to exist
39
When does object permanence develop?
End of first year
40
______ may explain why children are so bad at hiding when they're young
Object permanence
41
Object permanence enables the development of
Mental representations
42
Towards the END of the sensorimotor stage, infants begin to show...
Deferred imitation
43
When do infants begin to show deferred imitation
Towards end of first year
44
Deferred imitation demonstrates that infants can form/recall .....
Mental representations
45
When do infants display a) Object permanence b) Deferred imitation
A) End of first year B) End of SM stage
46
One way of testing self-awareness
Rouge test
47
Two sub-stages in the pre-operational stage
1. Pre-conceptual (2-4) | 2. Intuitive thought (4-7)
48
What is egocentrism
Seeing world from own POV
49
Mentally representing ideas and objects enables
Simple pretend play
50
Animism
"If it moves it's alive!"
51
Egocentrism is demonstrated using
"Three mountains task"
52
Three mountains task Piaget + Inhelder (1956) found that 4 year olds
Chose a picture that represented what THEY could see
53
Three mountains task Piaget + Inhelder (1956) 7 and 8 year olds could
Consistently choose picture matching dolls viewpoint
54
Pre-operational Intuitive Thought Substage Children develop s...
Symbolic thought
55
Pre-operational Intuitive Thought Substage 3 key milestones 1. S 2. U 3. S
1. Symbolic thought 2. Understand same object can be diff. sizes 3. Systematically order/classify items
56
Children in the pre-operational stage do NOT have conservation for ..., only...
Liquids and solids | Objects
57
What is meta-cognition
Ability to think about thinking
58
Concrete operational Their thinking is still ...., not .....
Concrete | Abstract
59
Compensation refers to the observation that
A narrower glass should be filled MORE SO to include same amount of water as wider glass
60
Difference between Compensation and Conservation (liquid) (2)
1. Conservation - same amount in narrow and wide glass | 2. Compensation - narrow glass needs to be filled MORE to contain same amount
61
"Understanding that only the appearance of items can change, and this can be made undone"
Reversibility
62
Piaget's work has had a huge impact on education. It supported
Child-Centered learning
63
3 Strengths (influence and implications) of Piaget's research
1. Set groundwork for developmental Psych 2. Child-centered learning 3. Findings replicated w new methods
64
A strength of Piaget's work is that many of his findings have been replicated with new methods, such as
Order in which children master conservation
65
2 limitations of Piaget's work
1. Stages/age mastered INACCURATE | 2. Some of his tasks were too advanced + placed large demands on memory
66
One study that goes against Piaget and suggests infants CAN form mental representations...
6 week infants Tongue protrusion after 24hr delay
67
Borke (1975) found that when the three mountains task was modified to be from the perspective of a character, 3 to 5 year olds could do the task. This challenges the notion of
Egocentrism
68
2 specific examples of studies against Conservation
1. Naughty teddy | 2. 70% of 4 year olds could conserve if container change explained

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