Piliavin

Question 1

Name the method used in oiliavins study

Answer 1

Field experiment

Question 2

Describe the sample of piliavins study

Answer 2

• opportunity sample
• 4450 passengers on the subway
• 55% white 45% black

Question 3

State the IVs of piliavins study

Answer 3

• type of victim
• race of victim
• presence/absence of helping model
• number of passengers

Question 4

State the DV’s of piliavins study

Answer 4

• time taken for 1st passenger to help

- total number of passengers who helped

Question 5

State the aim of piliavins study

Answer 5

To study factors affecting whether people would help a collapsed man on the New York underground

Question 6

Describe the background of piliavins study

Answer 6

Kitty Genoese

Question 7

describe the case study of kitty genovese

Answer 7

• Murder that took place in 1964

- 38 people claimed to see the event however no one called the police

Question 8

Define the term bystander

Answer 8

Anyone who is present at an incident but not directly involved

Question 9

Describe the meaning of the phrase diffusion of responsibility

Answer 9

When in large groups the responsibilities are shared between them all

Question 10

How many passengers were estimated to travel the subway in piliavins study?

Answer 10

4550

Question 11

Describe the procedure used in piliavins study

Answer 11

• An experiment fake collapsed in the subway
• the number of people who helped was recorded by another experimenter
• the type of victim varied

Question 12

Where and when did piliavins study take place ?

Answer 12

On the New York subway, between the hours of 11-3

Question 13

What is the key theme of piliavins study

Answer 13

Response to people in need

Question 14

What does unsolicited participants mean?

Answer 14

They were normal people travelling on the subway so the experimenter did not get consent from them a

Question 15

Why did piliavins not need to gain consent?

Answer 15

Participants were in a public place

Question 16

Give the conclusions drawn from piliavins study

Answer 16

• an I’ll person is more likely to recive hell that a drunk
• men are more likely to help than women
• people are more likely to help someone of the same ethnicity
• there is a no strong relationship between the size of the group and the likely hold of being helped
• the longer an incident goes on the less likely they are to be helped

Question 17

Give the assumptions of the social area

Answer 17

• behaviour is affected by the imagined, implied or actual presence of others
• a major influence on people’s behaviour, through processes and emotions and other people and the society have created
• ab individuals behaviour is affected by situational factors for example the environment we find ourselves in

Question 18

Define the term ambiguity of situation

Answer 18

We are unsure of the situation and therefore we don’t help because we don’t want to embarrass ourselves

Question 19

Define the term pluralistic ignorance

Answer 19

We look to other people to see how they are reacting - if they are doing nothing, we also do nothing

Question 20

Give the strengths of the method used in piliavins study

Answer 20

• one strength of a field experiment is the amount of realism
• this tooo place in a natural environment (tram carriage)
• this increases ecological validity

Question 21

Give a weakness of the method used in piliavins study

Answer 21

• one weakness of a field experiment is the ethical issues raised
• participants could not consent they were unsolicited participants
• this raises ethical issues

Question 22

Describe the results in the ill vs drunk condition of piliavins study

Answer 22

-95% of the time the ill victim received help
-people took longer to help in the ill condition
Drunk 83% over 70s
I’ll 17% over 70s
-the proportion of which more than one person helped did not vary with race

Question 23

Describe the results of piliavins study in terms of race

Answer 23

• In the ill comdition blakc and white victims were equally likely to be helped, however in the drunk condition but the black victim was less likely to receive help
• same race effect in the drunk condition
• the proportion of cases in which more than one person helped did not vary with race

Question 24

Describe the results of piliavins study in terms of number of bystanders

Answer 24

• there was no evidence of diffusion of responsibility

- when more passengers were present, people were slightly more likely to receive help

Question 25

Give the applications that can be drawn piliavins study

Answer 25

• saving lives
• saving yourself, appear to a male of your make, does not appear drunk, get to somewhere people can’t leave, get help immediately

Question 26

Give the costs of helping

Answer 26

Effort, time, risk of harm, negative emotional response

Question 27

Give the rewards of helping

Answer 27

Social approval, self esteem, positive emotional response

Question 28

Give the cost of not helping

Answer 28

Disapproval/judgement, self blame, guilt

Question 29

Give the rewards of not helping

Answer 29

Avoiding the costs

Question 30

List the controls used in piliavins study

Answer 30

• track chosen
• trails run on the same train like at the same time of day
• victim collapsed in the same part of the carriage and in the same way and at the same point of the journey
• victim always male, same age and dresses the same

Question 31

Describe the quantitative data in piliavins study

Answer 31

• number of people who helped
• race of helpers
• gender of helpers

Question 32

Describe the qualitative data collected in piliavins study

Answer 32

Comments made by passengers