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GCSE Geography case studies > Pinatubo > Flashcards

Pinatubo Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Pinatubo located?

A

in the Phillipines

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2
Q

What island is Pinatubo located on?

A

Luzon

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3
Q

When was Pinatubo’s last eruption?

A

12th June 1991

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4
Q

What sort of lava flow did Pinatubo have?

A

andesitic

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5
Q

Describe andesitic lava?

A

thick and full of gas

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6
Q

How does andesitic lava effect eruptions?

A

Makes them more explosive

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7
Q

At what speed did pyroclastic flow descend from the crater?

A

20kmph

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8
Q

How far up was a cloud of steam and gas sent?

A

30km up into the atmosphere

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9
Q

What type of volcano is Pinatubo?

A

composite

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10
Q

What is the main way that the effects of the eruption were mitigated?

A

volcanologists predicted the eruption so advanced warnings allowed 1000s of people to evacuate the area

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11
Q

How many homes were damaged?

A

70,000

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12
Q

How were power supplies, roads and bridges effected?

A

they were left unusable

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13
Q

What happened to the water supply?

A

It became contaminated

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14
Q

What other natural disaster hit at the same time as the eruption?

A

Typhoon Yunya

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15
Q

Where were many people displaced to?

A

Shanty towns on the edge of Manila

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16
Q

How did the gas cloud dispersion affect the world globally?

A

global temperature dropped temporarily(1991-93) -0.5 degrees Celsius

17
Q

What happened in the evacuation camps?

A

hundreds of people died from diseases (mainly measles, pneumonia and diahorrea)

18
Q

How much area of rice fields did the ash cover?

A

800km2

19
Q

What was closed and moved to singapore?

A

US air force base

20
Q

How did the US air force base moving affect the Filipino population?

A

many Filipinos lost their jobs and local trade suffered great loses

21
Q

What does PHIVOLCS stand for?

A

Philippine institute of volcanology and seismology

22
Q

What did the seismologists detect in March 1991?

A

they detected swarms of earthquakes beneath Pinatubo which indicated that magma was on the move

23
Q

What was the response to the detection in 1991?

A

-helicopters with gas monitoring equipment flew over the crater daily
-tiltmeters were installed to monitor the deformation of the surface as magma rises

24
Q

What happened when warnings were issued?

A

-local people evacuated
-vaccinations given to combat measles and flu
-international emergency aid provided for after the eruption+lahar

25
Q

How did Luzon authorities convert the US air base?

A

they converted it into Clark International Airport

26
Q

How many people does Clark international airport now employ?

A

47,000

27
Q

What are some long term initiatives that the Luzon authorities have established?

A
  • dykes + dams to protect against lahars and flash floods
28
Q

What did the gas cloud contain?

A

10mil tonnes of sulphur dioxide

GCSE Geography case studies (14 decks)

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