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Therapeutics > Pituitary > Flashcards

Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

Which side of the pituitary contains the portal venous system?

A

Anterior pituitary

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2
Q

What is the gland axis from the hypothalamus to the peripheral tissues?

A

Hypothalamus -> Either GHRH (+) or Somatostatin (-) ->
Anterior pituitary -> GH ->peripheral tissues

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3
Q

What is the gland axis from the hypothalamus to the thyroid?

A

Hypothalamus -> TRH -> Anterior pituitary -> TSH -> Thyroid (T3 and T4)

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4
Q

What is the gland axis from the hypothalamus to the adrenal cortex?

A

Hypothalamus -> CRH -> Anterior pituitary -> ACTH -> Adrenal cortex -> Glucocorticoids

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5
Q

What is the gland axis from the hypothalamus to the gonads?

A

Hypothalamus -> GnRH -> Anterior pituitary -> FSH, LH -> Gonads -> Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone

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6
Q

What activates receptors associated with JAK/STAT pathway?

A

GH and prolactin

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7
Q

Dimeric protein hormones sharing a common alpha chain
Activate GPCRs

A

TSH, FSH, LH

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8
Q

Single-chain peptide, Activates a GPCR

A

ACTH

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9
Q

Recombinant human IGF-I drug
Used in treatment of severe IGF-I deficiency

A

Mecasermin

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10
Q

Growth hormone antagonists such as octreotide and Lanreotide are what analogs?

A

Somatostatin

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11
Q

What is a GH receptor antagonist
PEG derivative of a mutant GH and binds to GH receptor but blocks signal transduction

A

Pegvisomant

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12
Q

In women: Directs ovarian follicle development and stimulates the conversion of testosterone to estrogens
In men: Regulates spermatogenesis and stimulates the conversion of testosterone to estrogens

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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13
Q

In women: Stimulates androgen production in the follicular phase. Controls estrogen and progesterone production in the luteal phase
In men: Stimulates androgen production

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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14
Q

Produced in the placenta during pregnancy, nearly identical with LH (binds LH receptors), controls estrogen and progesterone production during pregnancy

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

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15
Q

FSH, LH, and hCG are all what type of proteins?

A

heterodimeric

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16
Q

hMG, first commercial gonadotropin product
extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women
Mixture of FSH and LH
Lower potency than purified FSH or LH

A

Menotropins

17
Q

FSH purified from the urine of postmenopausal women
LH activity is removed during purification

A

Urofollitropin (uFSH)

18
Q

Recombinant forms of FSH
Identical in amino acid sequence with FSH
Differ from each other and uFSH in carb chains
Considerably more expensive than uFSH

A

Follitropin alpha and beta

19
Q

Recombinant form of LH
Approved for use in combo with follitropin alpha for stimulation of follicular development in infertile women with LH deficiency
Discontinued

A

Lutropin alpha

20
Q

What is the synthetic analogs of GnRH suffix?

A

-relin

21
Q

GNRH stimulates the production and release of ___ & ____ at what what point?

A

GNRH stimulates the production and release of LH & FSH only when its secretion is pulsatile

22
Q

Nonpulsatile administration of GnRH inhibits the release of ___ & ____ in both women and men, resulting in __________

A

Nonpulsatile administration of GnRH inhibits the release of LH & FSH in both women and men, resulting in hypogonadism

23
Q

Continuous treatment with GnRH agonist suppress what from being released?

A

Suppression of gonadotropin release

24
Q

GnRH receptor antagonist have what suffix?

A

-relix

25
Q

What inhibits the secretion of prolactin?

A

Dopamine

26
Q

Hyperprolactinemia inhibits what from being released?

A

Inhibition of GnRH release

27
Q

Vasopressin and oxytocin are found where?

A

posterior pituitary

28
Q

Released by the posterior pituitary in response to rising plasma tonicity and falling blood volume.
Physiological functions include antidiuretic and vasopressor activity.

A

Vasopressin

29
Q

GPCR that increases cytosolic Ca levels upon activation
Found on vascular smooth muscle cells
mediates vasoconstriction

A

V1 receptor

30
Q

GPCR that increases cAMP levels upon activation
Found in renal tubule cells
Increases the number of aquaporins on the cellular membrane (water resorption)

A

V2 receptor

31
Q

Vasopressin clinical uses

A

Pituitary diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis

32
Q

Major Adverse effects to vasopressin

A

water intoxication

33
Q

Used to treat hyponatremia (associated with acute heart failure)

A

Vasopressin antagonist

34
Q

Non-peptide antagonist of V1 and V2 receptors; intravenous

A

Conivaptan

35
Q

Selective V2 receptor antagonist; oral

A

Talvaptan

36
Q

Vasopressin antagonist have what suffix?

A

(-vaptan)

37
Q

Acts through a GPCR
Induction and stimulation of labor, control of uterine hemorrhage after delivery, and enhancement of milk ejection

A

Oxytocin (Pitocin, Syntocinon)

38
Q

Adverse effects of oxytocin

A

Excessive uterine contraction, activation of vasopressin receptor by overdose of oxytocin

Therapeutics (16 decks)

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