Practice Quizzes Flashcards by Renee W

Which of the following modes of cell-cell communications has the shortest signal duration?
A. Autocrine signaling
B. Paracrine signaling
C. Juxtacrine signaling
D. Endocrine signaling
E. Neuronal signaling

B. Paracrine signaling

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The inhibition of the first step of the steroid synthesis by a drug will decrease the levels of all steroid
hormones. Which of the following enzymes catalyzes this step?
A. 21β-hydroxylase
B. 17,20-lyase
C. 17α-hydroxylase
D. P450scc

D. P450scc

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Select the structure of cortisol

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Select the structure of testosterone

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Which enzyme catalyzes the following step in the synthesis of steroid hormones?
A. P450scc
B. 17,20-lysase
C. 17α-hydroxylase
D. 21β-hydroxylase

C. 17α-hydroxylase

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Which of the following is NOT an indication for antiandrogens?
A. Endometriosis
B. Excessive sexual drive in men
C. Benign prostate hyperplasia
D. Prostatic carcinoma

B. Excessive sexual drive in men

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Which of the following is NOT a physiologic effect of testosterone?
A. Increase in HDL levels
B. Increase in lean body mass
C. Deepening of the voice
D. Growth of beard hair
E. Stimulation of erythrocyte production

A. Increase in HDL levels

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Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of androgens in women?
A. Amenorrhea
B. Gynecomastia
C. Acne
D. Hirsutism

B. Gynecomastia

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Select an INCORRECT pair of a drug and its property.
A. Spironolactone: anabolic steroid
B. Methyltestosterone: orally active androgen
C. Flutamide: non-steroidal antiandrogen
D. Finasteride: 5α-reductase inhibitor
E. Testosterone cypionate: androgen for intramuscular injection

A. Spironolactone: anabolic steroid

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Which of the following enzymes converts testosterone to a more potent androgen in the
target tissues?
A. Aromatase
B. 17α-hydroxylase
C. 5α-reductase
D. 21-hydroxylase

C. 5α-reductase

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The structure of ethinyl estradiol is shown below. What is the effect of the 17α-ethinyl group on the
property of this drug?
A. Decrease in oral bioavailability
B. Gaining of antiestrogenic activity
C. Gaining of SERM activity
D. Prevention of the conversion to estrone

D. Prevention of the conversion to estrone

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Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the menstrual cycle?
A. If pregnancy does not occur, production of estrogen and progesterone by corpus luteum
declines.
B. In the late follicular phase, estrogen stimulates the surge of LH and FSH.
C. In the luteal phase, both estrogen and progesterone stimulate the production of LH and FSH.
D. In the early follicular phase, estrogen suppresses the production of FSH

C. In the luteal phase, both estrogen and progesterone stimulate the production of LH and FSH.

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Which of the following is NOT a physiological effect of estrogens?
A. Enhancement of the coagulability of blood
B. Increase in the rate of resorption of bone
C. Stromal development and ductal growth in the breast
D. Development of endometrial lining during menstrual cycles

B. Increase in the rate of resorption of bone

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Which of the following estrogens can be used for depot injection due to its slow absorption?
A. Estradiol valerate
B. Ethynyl estradiol
C. Mestranol
D. Quinestrol

A. Estradiol valerate

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Which of the following is NOT a side effect of estrogens?
A. Endometrial carcinoma
B. Hot flashes
C. Breast cancer
D. Uterine bleeding

B. Hot flashes

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______________ is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to treat breast cancer
A. Tamoxifen
B. Diethyl stilbestrol
C. Clomiphen
D. Ethynyl estradiol

A. Tamoxifen

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Which of the following is a conjugated estrogen existing in the mixture of estrogens in PremarinTM ?
A. Equilin sulfate
B. Metranol
C. Ethynyl estradiol
D. Estradiol cypionate

A. Equilin sulfate

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Which of the following SERMs is used to stimulate ovulation?
A. Toremifene
B. Tamoxifen
C. Clomiphene
D. Raloxifene

C. Clomiphene

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Which of the following is NOT an aromatase inhibitors?
A. Anastrazole
B. Exemestane
C. Letrozole
D. Fulvestrant

D. Fulvestrant

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Which of the following is an antiestrogen action of raloxifene?
A. Increases the risk for blood clots
B. Decreases LDL levels in blood
C. Decreases the risk for breast cancer
D. Prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

C. Decreases the risk for breast cancer

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Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of androgen-like progestins?
A. Acne
B. Hirsutism
C. Weight gain
D. Venous thromboembolic disease

D. Venous thromboembolic disease

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Which is INCORRECT about the physiologic effects of progesterone?
A. Causes the maturation of the endometrium following ovulation.
B. Causes a decrease in Na + reabsorption.
C. Promotes glycogen storage in the liver.
D. Decreases basal insulin levels and the insulin response to glucose.

D. Decreases basal insulin levels and the insulin response to glucose.

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What is the benefit of the use of progestins in combination with estrogens?
A. Increases the efficacy of estrogens.
B. Prevents acne.
C. Prevents breast cancer.
D. Prevents uterine bleeding and endometrial carcinoma

D. Prevents uterine bleeding and endometrial carcinoma

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about this drug?
A. It is used for a depot injection.
B. It is a prodrug.
C. It is a 19-nor and 17-ethynyl steroid.
D. It is a progestin

A. It is used for a depot injection.

What is the active component of Plan B TM ? A. Mifepristone B. Ethinyl estradiol C. Ulipristal acetate D. Levonorgestrel

D. Levonorgestrel

Which of the following is CORRECT about the physiological effects of glucocorticoids? E. Increase protein synthesis in muscle. F. Suppress lipolysis in adipose tissues. G. Promote the synthesis of cytokines. H. Inhibit the production of eicosanoids

H. Inhibit the production of eicosanoids

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Cushing’s disease? A. Easy bruising B. Extreme weakness C. Osteoporosis D. Opportunistic infections

B. Extreme weakness

A patient has abnormally high levels of ACTH due to pituitary carcinoma. What would be the corresponding effect on the patient’s corticosteroid levels? F. Increase in cortisol and increase in aldosterone G. Decrease in cortisol and increase in aldosterone H. Increase in cortisol and no change in aldosterone I. Decrease in cortisol and no change in aldosterone

H. Increase in cortisol and no change in aldosterone

Cessation of long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy can lead to ________________. A. Addisonian symptoms B. Cushing’s symptoms C. Ectopic production of ACTH D. Tumors in the adrenal cortex

A. Addisonian symptoms

Which of the following glucocorticoids is a long-acting glucocorticoid? A. Cortisol B. Prednisone C. Methylprednisolone D. Dexamethasone

D. Dexamethasone

Which of the following drugs is used in the mineralocorticoid replacement therapy? A. Fludrocortisone B. Prednisone C. Triamcinolone acetonide D. Betamethasone

A. Fludrocortisone

Dexamethasone, whose structure is shown below, has much greater glucocorticoid receptor to mineralocorticoid receptor selectivity than hydrocortisone. What are the structural features responsible for this enhanced SELECTIVITY? A. 1, 2 B. 1, 3 C. 2, 3 D. 2, 4

D. 2, 4

Which of the following glucocorticoids is NOT used as an inhaled glucocorticoid? A. Flunisolide B. Prednisone C. Triamcinolone acetonide D. Fluticasone propionate

B. Prednisone

What is the best description of this glucocorticoid? (Hint: It has the 21-chloro group.) A. Systemic glucocorticoid B. Inhaled glucocorticoid C. Topical glucocorticoid D. Glucocorticoid for intra-articular injections

C. Topical glucocorticoid

Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of glucocorticoids? A. Steroid myopathy B. Moon face C. Hypoglycemia D. Cataract

C. Hypoglycemia

Which of the following hormone can be used for labor induction? A. prolactin B. hCG C. oxytocin D. GnRH

C. oxytocin

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about hCG? A. It is produced during pregnancy. B. Its activity is nearly identical to that of LH. C. It is a pituitary hormone. D. It is extracted and purified from the urine of pregnant women.

C. It is a pituitary hormone.

Which of the following is a hypothalamic hormone? A. growth hormone B. ACTH C. somatostatin D. FSH

C. somatostatin

Which of the following is a posterior pituitary hormone? A. vasopressin B. prolactin C. TSH D. LH

A. vasopressin

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of growth hormone deficiency? A. Short stature B. Hypoglycemia C. Adiposity in childhood D. Acromegaly

D. Acromegaly

Which of the following is a mixture of FSH and LH? A. menotropin B. urofollitropin C. hCG D. lutropin α

A. menotropin

Which of the following is a clinical use of non-pulsatile continuous administration of GnRH? A. Stimulation of gonadotropin release B. Suppression of LH surge C. Stimulation of androgen synthesis D. Induction of ovulation

B. Suppression of LH surge

Which of the following is an GnRH receptor antagonist? A. desmopressin B. leuprolide C. nafarelin D. degarelix

D. degarelix

Hyperprolactinemia can be treated with _____________. A. GnRH antagonists B. antiandrogens C. SERMs D. dopamine agonists

D. dopamine agonists

Which of the following is INCORRECT about desmopressin? A. It is a synthetic analog of vasopressin. B. It has a longer half-life than vasopressin. C. It can be used to treat pituitary diabetes insipidus. D. It has much higher vasopressor-to-antidiuretic activity than that of vasopressin.

D. It has much higher vasopressor-to-antidiuretic activity than that of vasopressin.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT on the action of the eicosanoids? A. PGE 2 dilates blood vessels. B. PGF2a dilates Bronchi. C. PGI 2 inhibits platelet aggregation. D. TXA 2 promotes platelet aggregation.

B. PGF2a dilates Bronchi.

Aspirin use before surgery or tooth extraction is contraindicated because aspirin increases the risk of bleeding by inhibition of _______________ synthesis in _____________. A. PGI 2 ; platelets B. PGI 2 ; vascular endothelia C. TXA 2 ; platelets D. TXA 2 ; vascular endothelia

C. TXA 2 ; platelets

Which of the following drugs can be used together with NSAIDs to prevent gastric ulcers? A. Alprostadil B. Misoprostol C. Lantanoprost D. Prostacyclin

B. Misoprostol

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about NSAIDs? A. Most NSAIDs inhibit both COX1 and COX2. B. NSAIDs reduce the synthesis of prostaglandins. C. NSAIDs reduce the synthesis of leukotrienes. D. NSAIDs reduce pain, fever, and inflammation

C. NSAIDs reduce the synthesis of leukotrienes.

Which of the following NSAIDs is suitable for a long-term use to treat chronic inflammation due to less GI side effects? A. Sulindac B. Indomethacin C. Asprin D. Ketorolac

A. Sulindac

Which of the following NSAIDs belongs to the class of arylacetic acids?

Select the most potent NSAID out of the following drugs. A. Aspirin B. Ibuprofen C. Indomethacin D. Naproxen

C. Indomethacin

Select the NSAID that is suitable only for a short-term management of moderate to severe pain. E. Sulindac F. Naproxen G. Diclofenac H. Ketorolac

H. Ketorolac

Which of the following NSAIDs is a selective COX2 inhibitor? A. Aspirin B. Celecoxib C. Indomethacin D. Ketorolac

B. Celecoxib

Which of the following statements is CORRECT about acetaminophen? A. It is an NSAIDs. B. Overdosing may cause a liver damage. C. It is associated with Reye’s disease. D. It suppresses blood coagulation

B. Overdosing may cause a liver damage.