pituitary

Question 1

stalk of the pituitary

Answer 1

infundibulum

Question 2

structure of the pituitary

Answer 2

two lobes

Question 3

anterior lobe is

Answer 3

vascular

Question 4

posterior lobe is

Answer 4

neural

Question 5

anterior pituitary produces

Answer 5

TSH
HGH
ACTH
Prolactin
LH and FSH

Question 6

posterior pituitary produces

Answer 6

Oxytocin

ADH

Question 7

hormones released by the pituitary are controlled by

Answer 7

hypothalamus

Question 8

GnRH

Answer 8

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Question 9

what does GnRH cause the release of

Answer 9

LH and FSH

GH

Question 10

what is GH produced by

Answer 10

somatotrophs

Question 11

whats does GH act on

Answer 11

liver insulin like growth factor

Question 12

what does TRH cause the release of

Answer 12

TSH

Question 13

CRH causes the release of

Answer 13

ACTH

Question 14

what is somatostatin

Answer 14

growth hormone inhibiting hormone

Question 15

what is prolactin under constant inhibition by

Answer 15

dopamine

Question 16

what causes the release of ADH

Answer 16

angiotensin 2 and aldosterone

Question 17

when is oxytocin stimulated

Answer 17

during delivery and sex

Question 18

what happens to hormones in menopause

Answer 18

oestrogen decreases

Question 19

as a result of oestrogen decrease what other hormones change

Answer 19

LH and FSH increase

Question 20

what is used to test the adrenal gland and how

Answer 20

synacthen test using synthetic ACTH

Question 21

name some dopamine agonists

Answer 21

Cabergoline, Bromocriptine

Question 22

hypopituitary symptoms

Answer 22

Tiredness, Weight loss, Decreased libido
Increased sensitivity to cold
Loss of appetite
Infertility, Irregular periods
Loss of body or facial hair, Short stature

Question 23

megalomaniac presentation

Answer 23

bi-temporal hemianopia, sleep apnoea, poor dentition
poorly controlled T2DM, insulin resistance
HTN, cardiomyopathy, heart failure

Question 24

how is acromegaly identified

Answer 24

Screening tests – IGF-1, Random GH
Confirmatory test - Glucose tolerance test
Imaging MRI pituitary

Question 25

describe the secretion of GH

Answer 25

pulsatile

Question 26

what is GH secretion influenced by

Answer 26

fasting, exercise, stress and sleep

Question 27

what decreases IGF1

Answer 27

Starvation, obesity and diabetes mellitus

Question 28

what increases IGF1

Answer 28

pregnancy

Question 29

cushings is caused by

Answer 29

prolonged exposure to elevated levels of glucocorticoids

Question 30

most common cause of cushings

Answer 30

exogenous steroids

Question 31

role of glucocorticoids

Answer 31

``` Increase glucose production Inhibit protein synthesis Increase protein breakdown Stimulate lipolysis Immunologic and inflammatory responses ```

Question 32

signs of cushings

Answer 32

``` Spontaneous ecchymoses Purple striae Proximal myopathy Osteoporosis Hypokalemia ```