urology Flashcards
(38 cards)
imaging good for looking at soft tissue
MRI
layers of the ureter
outer smooth muscle
inner transitional epithelium
name come causes of urinary retention
cancer
constipation
bladder infection
neurological
name some drugs that can cause urinary retention
ketamine
alpha andrenergic angonist e.g. clonidine
antimuscarinic drugs, sympathomimetics, tricyclic antidepressants
clonindine is used for
hypertension
headache
menopause symptoms
what is a stricture
scarring from subsequent inflammation
medical word for stones
urolithiasis
tight forskin
phimosis
medication for urinary retention
opiods and anticholinergics
example of an anticholinergic
chlorpromazine
symptoms of urinary retention
pain and inability to pass urine
bad affects of catheterisation relieving urinary retention
dehydration
electrolyte imbalance
why might you get haematuria after catheter treatment
decompression injury - inner most layer of the bladder bleeds
where is BPH mostly found
peripheral zone
where is prostate cancer mostly found
in the centre
what is the hormone responsible for BPH
dihydrotestosterone
what does dihydrotestosterone do
hyperplasia
inhibits apoptosis
when the prostate is removed what should the level of PSA be
0
if the prostate is removed why may there still be some PSA in the blood
cancer has metastasized
what does the prostate make
seminal fluid
medical treatment of BPH
A1 alphanergic antagonist
5 alpha reductase inhibitor e.g. finesteride
how does A1 alphanergic antagonist relieve the symptoms of BPH
relax smooth muscle
distinctive symptom of pyelonaphritis
rigors
risk factors for kidney stones
diuretics
multiple UTI
