Pituitary Hormones Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are the 6 hormones/factors released by the hypothalamus?
- Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)
- Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
- Somatostatin (SST)
- Thyrotophin releasing hormone (TRH)
- Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)
- Dopamine
What are the 6 hormones released by the anterior pituitary?
- Somatotrophin (growth hormone GH)
- Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or corticotrophin
- Follice stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Leutinizing hormone (LH)
- Prolactin
What does gonadotrophin releasing hormone do?
Causes the releasing of leutinizing hormone and follice stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary
What does growth hormone releasing hormone do?
Causes the release of growth hormone (somatotrophin) from the anterior pituitary
What does samotostatin do?
Inhibits the releasing of growth hormone (somatotrophin) from the anterior pituitary
What does thyrotrophin releasing hormone do?
Causes the release of thyrotrophin or thyroid stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary
What does corticotrophin releasing hormone do?
Causes the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone or corticotrophin
What does dopamine release do?
Causes the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary
What does growth hormone/somatotrophin cause the release of?
IGF-1 (insulin growth like factor 1)
What does thyroid stimulating hormone cause the release of?
Thyroid hormones?
What does corticotrophin/ACTH cause the release of?
Cortisol (a glucocorticoid)
What does prolactin do?
Cause breast growth and milk production
What does leutinizing hormone act on and what do they produce?
Leydig cells - produce testosterone
Corpus leuteum - progesterone
What does follice stimulating hormone act on and what do they produce?
Sertoli cells and corpus leuteum - inhibin
Granulosa cells - progesterone
Describe the sequence of events when the hypothalamus senses stress
The hypothalamus releases corticotrophin releasing hormone which acts on the anterior pituitary to release adrenocorticotrophic hormone which acts on the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol which then goes on to produce glucose for the brain during stress
Describe the sequence of events when the hypothalamus senses low plasma sodium?
The hypothalamus releases CRH which acts on the anterior pituitary to release ACTH which acts on the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
What are two posterior pituitary hormones that are often regarded as hypothalamic hormones?
- Anti-diuretic hormone (vasopressin)
2. Oxytocin
What does vasopression do?
Increase arterial blood pressure by causing the kidneys to retain sodium and therefore water, increasing the blood volume (anti-diuretic = retains water) - urine is hypertonic
What does oxytocin do?
Causes contraction of smooth muscle cells to increase milk flow
