Plant Cells Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is cell theory? And who discovered cells?
All life on this plant is built out of cells, and Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665
What is a cell?
A drop of cytoplasm surrounded by a lipid membrane
What is an organelle?
A functional structure of a cell
What is the plasma membrane made of?
A semipermeable phospholipid bilayer- the outside is hydrophobic and the inside is hydrophilic
What is the nucleus?
Control center of the cell, dna and the nucleolus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope
What is the endoplasmic reticulum - both types
Rough ER- preforms protein synthesis and is covered in ribosomes
Smooth ER- preforms lipid synthesis and making membranes and steroid hormones, but has no ribosomes
What is the Golgi apparatus?
This organelle modifies the proteins that are produced in the ER
What is a peroxisome?
Found in all eukaryotic cells, preform oxidation reactions that are important for fat breakdown, toxin breakdown, and stress and aging signaling
What are mitochondria?
The powerhouse of the cell, generating most of the cells atp
What is a vacuole?
Only found in plant and fungal cells, a large organelle filled with water, fluid, wastes, or storage for various substances
What is a plastid and give and example
A membrane bound organelle that behaves similarly to a mitochondria (thought to have been a bacteria that invaded the cell) an example is chloroplast
What does a chloroplast do?
Fixing carbon dioxide into sugars using energy from the sun (photosynthesis)
What are the parts of the chloroplasts?
The inner membrane is folded into thylakoids that are stacked together and called grana which are green due to the chlorophyll, and that’s surrounded by stroma a colorless fluid
What is unique about plant cell walls?
They contain cellulose
