Plant Form and Function

Question 1

Plants help

Answer 1

Climate Regulation

Question 2

Plants regulate climate by

Answer 2

1) Decreasing CO2 in atmosphere

2) Carbon sink

Question 3

Carbon sink from above ground biomass

Answer 3

1/3

Question 4

Carbon sink from below ground biomass

Answer 4

2/3

Question 5

Major part of plant

Answer 5

1) Flower
2) Stem
3) Leaves
4) Roots

Question 6

Shoot system

Answer 6

Flower and stems

Question 7

Ways of absorption

Answer 7

1) Roots - water and nutrients

2) Leaves - light

Question 8

Types of surface structure

Answer 8

1) Thick
2) Tubelike
3) Flatened

Question 9

Thick

Answer 9

0.03, potato

Question 10

Tubelike

Answer 10

0.04, root

Question 11

Flattened

Answer 11

Most SA, leaves, absorb more light

Question 12

Kinds of roots

Answer 12

1) Taproot

2) Fibrous

Question 13

Taproot

Answer 13

extra storage system for nutrients

Question 14

Fibrous

Answer 14

highly branched, more effective, reaches out for nutrients

Question 15

Root phenotypic plasticity

Answer 15

root is flexible in characteristics and can change phenotype to adapt

Question 16

Modified root types

Answer 16

1) Anchor
2) Prop
3) Pnuematophores
4) Storage

Question 17

Anchor root

Answer 17

holds stem to structure, one central root with offshoots, ie ivy

Question 18

Prop root

Answer 18

stabilize, main trunk root with downward offshoots, corn

Question 19

Pnuematophore roots

Answer 19

for gas exchange, doesn’t flood roots, mangroves

Question 20

Storage roots

Answer 20

store carbs, carrot

Question 21

Parts of stem

Answer 21

1) nodes
2) inter nodes
3) bud

Question 22

Nodes

Answer 22

where leaf comes out of stem

Question 23

Internodes

Answer 23

space in between nodes

Question 24

Bud

Answer 24

1) terminal

2) axillary

Question 25

Apisal meristem

Answer 25

where plant grows upward from

Question 26

Axillary bud

Answer 26

formed where petiole meets stem

Question 27

Petiole

Answer 27

stem/trunk of leaf

Question 28

Modified stems

Answer 28

1) hollow 2) Rhizome 3) Thorns

Question 29

Water storage stems

Answer 29

hollow

Question 30

Horizontal stems with shoots

Answer 30

rhizomes

Question 31

Protective stems

Answer 31

thorns

Question 32

Leaf types

Answer 32

1) simple 2) compound 3) needlelike 4) double compound

Question 33

Simple leaf

Answer 33

broad single blade, 1 petiole

Question 34

Compound leaf

Answer 34

leaf blade is leaflets, elm

Question 35

Needlelike leaf

Answer 35

good for very cold or very hot, less

Question 36

Double compound

Answer 36

lots of leaflets, not damaged by wind/rain

Question 37

Leaf phenotypic plasticity

Answer 37

leaf can change phenotypes to adapt to environment

Question 38

Thick leaf

Answer 38

more water retained

Question 39

Modified leaf types

Answer 39

1) tendril 2) succulent 3) flower mimics

Question 40

Tendril leaves

Answer 40

climbing, anchors plant, vines

Question 41

Succulent leaves

Answer 41

store water, aloe

Question 42

Flower mimics

Answer 42

attract pollinators, poinsettia

Question 43

Parts of plant cell

Answer 43

1) cell wall 2) vacuole 3) plastids 4) chloroplast

Question 44

Cell wall

Answer 44

made of cellulose, protects and gives structure, allows communication

Question 45

Vacuole

Answer 45

fluid filled vesicle, takes up 90% intracellular space, supports

Question 46

Turgor pressure

Answer 46

pressure of vacuole pushing cell wall to keep plant upright, vacuole fills with water and swells cell

Question 47

Plastids

Answer 47

make/store food

Question 48

Endosymbiotic origin

Answer 48

plants without plastids absorbed them and formed new species that had chlorophyll (?)

Question 49

Chloroplast

Answer 49

of plastids, where photosynthesis happens | Thylakoid, gramm, chlorophyll

Question 50

Thylakoid

Answer 50

individual disc, holds chlorophyll that gives plant color, found in stacks

Question 51

Gramm

Answer 51

stacks of thylakoids

Question 52

Chlorophyll

Answer 52

uses sunlight for glucose photosynthesis

Question 53

Plasmodesmata

Answer 53

gaps in between cells that allow transportation and communication

Question 54

Protein

Answer 54

allow/enable communication

Question 55

Stomata

Answer 55

opening on leaves for gas exchange

Question 56

Guard cells

Answer 56

cells around stomata

Question 57

Water filled guard cells

Answer 57

open stomata

Question 58

Stomata closed

Answer 58

guard cell empty of water

Question 59

Trichomes

Answer 59

small hairy epidermal cells, keep leaf cool, reflect sunlight, decrease transpiration, protect

Question 60

Cuticle

Answer 60

waxy layer, water retention

Question 61

Lipids

Answer 61

repel water, prevent water loss

Question 62

Keep upright

Answer 62

vacuoles and cell wall

Question 63

Water balance

Answer 63

roots, stomata, cuticle