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BIOLOGY! > Plant Nutrition and Transport > Flashcards

Plant Nutrition and Transport Flashcards

1
Q

How do plants produce their own ‘food’ ?

A

Photosynthesis

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2
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur?

A

In the leaves of all green plants

In chloroplasts

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3
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2

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4
Q

What does photosynthesis convert?

A

light energy into chemical energy

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5
Q

When is the chemical energy released from photosynthesis?

A

during respration

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6
Q

How are plant leaves adapted for photosynthesis?

A

They are thin and flat

So that as much light can be absorbed as possible and the distance that gases need to diffuse are very short

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7
Q

What is the top layer of a leaf called?

A

The waxy cuticle

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8
Q

How does the waxy cuticle help reduce water loss?

A

by evaporation

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9
Q

What layer is after the waxy cuticle in a leaf?

A

The upper epidermis

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10
Q

Why is the upper epidermis transparent?

A

So that light can pass through it to the palisade layer

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11
Q

Where are most choloroplasts found in, in a leaf?

A

The palisade layer, near the top where they can get the most light

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12
Q

What bundles do leaves have a network of?

A

vascular bundles

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13
Q

What are the two transport vessels in the vascular bundles?

A

Xylem and Phloem

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14
Q

What are stomata?

A

little holes in the leaf, which let CO2 diffuse directly into the leaf

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15
Q

What are the three limiting factors of photosynthesis?

A

Light
Carbon Dioxide concentration
Temperature

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16
Q

In photosynthesis, if the light intensity increases…

A

The rate of photosynthesis will increase steadily, but only up to a certain point

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17
Q

How can you test a leaf for starch?

A

Kill plant first by dining in boiling water
(stops any chemical reactions)
Put the leaf in boiling tube with some ethanol and heat in water bath
(gets rid of any chlorophyll)
Rinse off the leaf in cold water and add a few drops of iodine solution.. if starch is present.. leaf will turn gluey-black

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18
Q

Only the green parts of the plant contain

A

chlorophyll

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19
Q

How can you show CO2 is needed for photosynthesis?

A

With a sealed bell jar, soda lime, and a light
The soda lime absorbs CO2 out of jar
Then test leaf for starch

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20
Q

How can you show light is needed for photosynthesis?

A

Place a plant in a cupboard

Test for starch

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21
Q

What can be used to measure the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Canadian Pondweed
White light at specific distances
syringe at other end

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22
Q

The faster the rate of oxygen production…

A

The faster the rate of photosynthesis

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23
Q

What are the three minerals ions a plant needs for growth?

A

Nitrates
Phosphates
Potassium
(small amounts of magnesium)

24
Q

Where do plants get their mineral ions?

A

In the soil

25
Q

What do Nitrates contain and needed for?

A

contain nitrogen for making amino acids and proteins

needed for cell growth

26
Q

What happens to a plant if it does not receive enough Nitrates?

A

It will be stunted and have yellow older leaves

27
Q

What do Phosphates contain and needed for?

A

Contain phosphorus for making DNA and cell membranes

needed for respiration and growth

28
Q

What happens to a plant if it does not receive enough Phosphates?

A

It will have poor root growth and purple, older peaves

29
Q

What is Potassium needed for?

A

To help the enzymes needed for photosynthesis and respiration.

30
Q

What happens to a plant if it does not receive enough Potassium?

A

The plant will have poor flower and fruit growth and discoloured leaves

31
Q

Why is magnesium needed in a plant?

A

It’s required for making chlorophyll and without the leaves will have yellow leaves.

32
Q

What are plants two main transport systems?

A

Xylem and Phloem

33
Q

What do Xylem tubes transport?

A

water and mineral salts from roots to shoot

34
Q

What do Phliem tubes transport?

A

food

35
Q

What are the cells on plant roots called?

A

Root hair cells

36
Q

How is water taken in through root hair cells?

A

via osmosis

37
Q

What is the phloem’s tissue made of?

A

living cells

38
Q

How do root hair cells help the uptake of water?

A

They greatly increase the surface area of the root

39
Q

How are minerals taken in through root hair cells?

A

via active transprt

40
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The water loss in a plant

41
Q

What is transpiration caused by?

A

evaporation and diffusion of water from a plants surface

42
Q

Where does most transpiration happen?

A

In the leaves

43
Q

How are leaves adapted for transpiration?

A

like photosynthesis:

Stomata helps the leaves exchange gases easily

44
Q

How does water escape the plant?

A

because theres more water inside than outside, the water escapes from the leaves through the stomata by diffusion

45
Q

The continuos flow of water in a plant is known as…

A

the transpiration stream

46
Q

What is the rate of transpiration controlled by?

A

The stomata

47
Q

Where are most stomata found?

A

on the underside of the leaf (reduce water loss)

48
Q

What are the four main things that affect the transpiration rate in plants?

A

Light Intensity
Temperature
Wind Speed
Humidity

49
Q

In terms of transpiration.. the brighter the light…

A

the greater the transpiration rate

50
Q

How does light affect transpiration rate?

A

Stomata close as it gets darker
Photosynthesis can’t happen in the dark, so they don’t need to let CO2 in, therefore are closed
When stomata are closed, little water can escape

51
Q

How does temperature affect transpiration rate?

A

The warmer it is.. the faster the transpiration rate

When it’s warm, water particles have more energy to evaporate and diffuse out of the stomata

52
Q

How does wind speed affect transpiration rate?

A

If low, water vapour surround the leaf and doesn’t go away.
This means theres a high concentration of water particles outside the leaf so diffusion doesn’t happen as quickly.
If windy, water vapour is swept away, maintaining a low concentration of water in the air outside the leaf - diffusion happens quickly

53
Q

How does humidity affect transpiration rate?

A

the drier the area outside the leaf, the faster transpiration happens
(diffusion thing)

54
Q

What piece of equipment is used to estimate transpiration rate?

A

A potometer

55
Q

What does a photometer measure

A

water uptake by a plant

56
Q

what is the function of phloem vessels in plants?

A

transport sugars like sucrose, and amino acids from where they’re made in the leaves tto other parts of the plant

57
Q

what is the movement of food substances around the plant by the phloem known as?

A

translocation

BIOLOGY! (10 decks)

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