Use of Biological Resources

Question 1

Name three ways you can increase crop yield

Answer 1

Use of glasshouses and polytunnels
Use of fertilisers
Use of Pest control

Question 2

What are the advantages of keeping plants enclosed in a glasshouse?

Answer 2

Will keep plants free from pests and diseases

Question 3

Why do farmers use fertilisers?

Answer 3

To replace missing elements or provide more of them, ensuring crops have enough nutrients

Question 4

What do pests include?

Answer 4

micro-organisms, insects and animals

Question 5

What is biological control?

Answer 5

an alternative to using pesticides

Using other organisms to reduce the number of pests, either by encouraging wild organisms or adding new ones

Question 6

What is an advantage of biological control?

Answer 6

Can have a longer lasting affect than spraying pesticides

Can be less harmful to wildlife

Question 7

What is a disadvantage of biological control?

Answer 7

They can get out of control

Question 8

What can we use yeast for?

Answer 8

Brewing beer

Question 9

What is beer made from?

Answer 9

grain - usually barley

Question 10

What is done to the barley grains?

Answer 10

They are allowed to germinate for a few days, during which the starch in the grains is broken down into sugar
Then they are dries in a Kiln
This is called Malting

Question 11

What is done to the malted grain?

Answer 11

It is mashed up with water which is added to produce a sugary solution

Question 12

How do people get rid of the bits whilst brewing beer?

Answer 12

They sieve it

Question 13

What is added to beer mixture to give it it’s bitter flavour?

Answer 13

Hops

Question 14

What is the second step to brewing beer?

Answer 14

The yeast is added and the mixture is incubated

Question 15

What does yeast do?

Answer 15

It ferments the sugar into alcohol

Question 16

How does yeast die?

Answer 16

By the rising concentration of alcohol (ethanol)

Question 17

What is done to the beer after the yeast stage?

Answer 17

It is drawn off through a tap and then pasteurised

Question 18

What is meant by pasteurised?

Answer 18

heated - to kill off any yeast left in beer and stop fermentation

Question 19

What is the final step of beer brewing?

Answer 19

It is casked ready to be sold

Question 20

How can you investigate the rate of CO2 production by yeast under different conditions?

Answer 20

Mix sugar yeast and distilled water into test tube
Attach bung and other end in test tube of water
Place yeast mixture in water bath
Leave the tube to warm up then count bubbles

Question 21

What is respiration controlled by?

Answer 21

enzymes

Question 22

What is selective breeding?

Answer 22

Mating the best organisms to get good offspring

Question 23

What are some best features, chosen when you selectively breed?

Answer 23

• Maximum yield (meat, milk, grain)
• Good health and disease resistant
• Speed, fertility
• In plants - attractive flowers, nice smell

Question 24

List the processes done in selective breeding

Answer 24

Selection of best characteristics
Breed them with each other
Select best offspring, breed them together
Repeat over several generations

Question 25

What will selective breeding eventually give farmers?

Answer 25

better and better yields

Question 26

How can fishing be controlled?

Answer 26

FISH FARMING

Question 27

Why are fish kept in cages?

Answer 27

To stop them using as much energy swimming about | Protection from predetation

Question 28

Why are fish diet controlled?

Answer 28

To maximise the amount of energy they get to make them big and grow fast

Question 29

Where are young fish kept?

Answer 29

In special tanks - to ensure as many survive as possible

Question 30

Why is it important to keep bigger fish from smaller fish?

Answer 30

To avoid the bigger fish eating the smaller fish | Intraspecific predation

Question 31

When fish are kept in tanks, what has to be controlled?

Answer 31

- temperature, pH and oxygen level - amount of food - amount of fish waste and poo (filtering)

Question 32

What can enzymes be used to do?

Answer 32

Cut up DNA or join DNA pieces together

Question 33

What do restriction enzymes recognise?

Answer 33

specific sequences of DNA and cut the DNA at these points

Question 34

What are ligase enzymes used for?

Answer 34

to join 2 pieces of DNA together

Question 35

What is 2 different bits of DNA stuck together known as?

Answer 35

recombinant DNA

Question 36

What is the use of a vector?

Answer 36

It's something that's used to transfer DNA into a cell

Question 37

Name the two sorts of vectors

Answer 37

Plasmids | Viruses

Question 38

What are plasmids?

Answer 38

small, circular molecules of DNA that can be transferred between bacteria

Question 39

What do viruses do?

Answer 39

insert DNA into the organisms they infect

Question 40

How can bacteria be grown in huge numbers?

Answer 40

By placing them in a fermenter

Question 41

Why are some crops genetically modified?

Answer 41

To increase food production

Question 42

Name two ways crops can be genetically modified

Answer 42

They can be resistant to insects | They can be resistant to herbicides

Question 43

What is a disadvantage of genetically modifying crops?

Answer 43

transplanted genes may get out into the environment | could affect food chains

Question 44

What is the name given to cloning plants?

Answer 44

Micropropagation

Question 45

What are small pieces of plants called?

Answer 45

explants

Question 46

Why are explants sterilised in cloning?

Answer 46

to kill any microorganisms

Question 47

What are the explants grown in?

Answer 47

in vitro - a petri dish with nutrients and growth hormones

Question 48

What is a cell without a nucleus called?

Answer 48

an enucleated cell

Question 49

How are cells in cloning stimulated?

Answer 49

with a small electric shock