Coordination and Response

Question 1

What do receptors detect?

Answer 1

Stimuli

Question 2

What do effectors produce?

Answer 2

a response

Question 3

Where are receptors found?

Answer 3

In the sense organs (eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin)

Question 4

What are the three types of neurone?

Answer 4

sensory
relay
motor

Question 5

What does the central nervous system consist of?

Answer 5

the brain and the spinal chord

Question 6

What is the job of the CNS?

Answer 6

To coordinate the response

Question 7

How do neurones transmit information?

Answer 7

Using high speed electrical impulses

Question 8

What are reflexes?

Answer 8

automatic responses to certain stimuli

Question 9

What is the route taken by the information in a reflex called?

Answer 9

a reflex arc

Question 10

Name the reflex arc processes

Answer 10

Stimulus
Receptor
Sensory Neurone
Relay Neurone
Motor Neurone
Effector 
Response

Question 11

What happens when a stimulus is detected by receptors?

Answer 11

an impulse is sent along a sensory neurone to the CNS

Question 12

What is the gap between two neurones called?

Answer 12

a synapse

Question 13

An individual nerve cell is a…

Answer 13

neurone

Question 14

A bundle of neurones is a…

Answer 14

nerve

Question 15

Messages are passed across synapses using…

Answer 15

chemicals (chemical transmitters)

Question 16

What does the conjunctiva do?

Answer 16

lubricates and protects the surface of the eye

Question 17

What does the cornea do?

Answer 17

refracts light into the eye

It is transparent and has no blood vessels to supply it with oxygen, so oxygen diffuses in from the outer surface

Question 18

What does the iris do?

Answer 18

controls the diameter of the pupil

therefore how much light enters the eye

Question 19

What does the lens do?

Answer 19

focuses light onto the retina

Question 20

What is the retina covered in?

Answer 20

light receptors called rods and cones

Question 21

What are rods?

Answer 21

A light receptor that is sensitive in dim light but can’t sense colour

Question 22

What are cones?

Answer 22

A light receptor that is sensitive to colours but not dim light

Question 23

Where are most cones found?

Answer 23

The fovea

Question 24

What are hormones?

Answer 24

chemicals released directly into the blood

Question 25

What are hormones carried in?

Answer 25

blood plasma

Question 26

What are hormones produced in?

Answer 26

various glands

Question 27

Do hormones travel fast?

Answer 27

no. they travel slow, but tend to have long-lasting afffects

Question 28

Where is ADH produced?

Answer 28

In the pituitary gland (in the brain)

Question 29

What does ADH do?

Answer 29

controls water content, by increasing the permeability of the kidney tubules to water

Question 30

Name 6 hormones

Answer 30

``` ADH Adrenaline Insulin Testosterone Progesterone Oestrogen ```

Question 31

Where is Adrenaline produced?

Answer 31

In the adrenal glands

Question 32

What role and effects does adrenaline have?

Answer 32

Readies body for 'fight or flight' response | Increases heart rate, blood flow to muscles and blood sugar level

Question 33

What hormone is produced in the pancreas?

Answer 33

Insulin

Question 34

What does insulin control?

Answer 34

blood sugar level

Question 35

What does insulin stimulate?

Answer 35

the liver to turn glucose into glycogen for storage

Question 36

What two hormones are made in the ovaries?

Answer 36

Progesterone | Oestrogen

Question 37

Where is testosterone produced?

Answer 37

In the testes

Question 38

What is the main male sex hormone?

Answer 38

testosterone

Question 39

Which hormone supports pregnancy by maintaining the lining of the uterus?

Answer 39

progesterone

Question 40

What does oestrogen control?

Answer 40

The menstrual cycle

Question 41

What are the differences between hormones and nerves?

Answer 41

Nerves have a faster message than hormones Nerves act for a shorter time than hormones Nerves act on a very precise area whereas hormones act in a motor general way

Question 42

If the response is really quick, it's probably...

Answer 42

nervous

Question 43

What is the name given to the control in constant internal environment?

Answer 43

homeostasis

Question 44

name two examples of homeostasis

Answer 44

water content | body temperature

Question 45

Definition of homeostasis

Answer 45

the maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 46

How is water lost in the body?

Answer 46

Through the skin as SWEAT Via the lungs in BREATh Via the kidneys as URINE

Question 47

What happens on a hot day?

Answer 47

you sweat a lot you will produce less and more concentrated urine you will also lose more water through your breath as you breath faster

Question 48

What happens on a cold day?

Answer 48

You don't sweat much | You produce more, and more dilute urine

Question 49

What is body temperature?

Answer 49

27 degrees celsius

Question 50

Smaller organisms can...

Answer 50

cool down quicker because they have a smaller surface area to volume ratio

Question 51

Why do animals living in cold conditions have a compact (rounded) shape?

Answer 51

To keep their surface area to a minimum, reducing heat loss

Question 52

What are auxins? and what do they control?

Answer 52

plant growth hormones, which control growth at the tips of shoots and roots

Question 53

Where is Auxin produced?

Answer 53

in the tips

Question 54

Name the two growth responses in plants

Answer 54

phototropism (light) | geotropism (gravity)

Question 55

Shoots are positively...

Answer 55

phototrophic

Question 56

Shoots are negatively...

Answer 56

geotropic

Question 57

Roots are positively...

Answer 57

geotropic

Question 58

When a shoot tip is exposed to light...

Answer 58

It accumulates more auxin on the side that's in the shade | This makes cells elongate (grow) faster on the shaded side, so the light bends towards the light

Question 59

When a shoot is growing sideways...

Answer 59

Gravity produces an unequal distribution of auxin in the tip, with more auxin at the lower side This causes the lower side to grow faster, bending the shoot upwards

Question 60

A root growing sideways will have more auxin on...

Answer 60

it's lower side but in a root, the extra auxin inhibits growth, this means the cells on top elongate faster, and the root bends downwards

Question 61

Name three ways plants can increase their chance of survival by responding to changes in their environment

Answer 61

- They sense direction of light and grow towards it (maximise light absorption for photosynthesis) - Sense gravity - so roots and shoots grow in right direction - Climbing plants have sense of touch - reach sunlight

Question 62

Name an example of a plant responding to the presence of predators

Answer 62

White clover produce toxins to avoid being eaten

Question 63

Name an example of a plant responding to abiotic stress

Answer 63

Carrots produce antifreeze proteins at low temperatures