Plant Organs Leaves

Question 1

broad, flat part of a leaf

Answer 1

blade

Question 2

part of a leaf that attaches blade to stem

Answer 2

petiole

Question 3

biological process that includes the capture of light energy and its transformation into chemical energy of organic molecules which are manufactured from carbon dioxide and water

Answer 3

photosynthesis

Question 4

transparent _______ allows light to penetrate into the mesophyll, where photosynthesis occurs

Answer 4

epidermis

Question 5

waxy covering epidermis of aerial parts (leaves and stems) of a plant

enables plant to survive in dry conditions of a terrestrial environment

Answer 5

cuticle

Question 6

specialized epidermal cells located on aerial parts of plants and are associated with a wide array of biological processes

protected plants from adverse conditions including UV light and herbivore attack and are also an important source of a number of phytochemicals

Answer 6

trichomes

Question 7

• small pores in epidermis of stem or leaf
• permit gas exchange for photosynthesis and transpiration
• flanked by guard cells

Answer 7

stoma

Question 8

typically opens during the day, when photosynthesis takes place, and close at night

Answer 8

stomata

Question 9

2 guard cells from a pore (stoma)

Answer 9

guard cell

Question 10

photosynthetic ground tissue in the interior of a leaf

contains air spaces for rapid diffusion of carbon dioxide and water into, and oxygen out of, ________ cells

Answer 10

mesophyll

Question 11

conducts water and essential materials to the leaf

Answer 11

xylem

Question 12

conducts sugar produced by photosynthesis to rest of the plants

Answer 12

phloem

Question 13

one or more layers of nonvascular cells (parenchyma or sclerenchyma) surrounding the vascular bundle in leaf

Answer 13

bundle sheath

Question 14

large, thin walled cells on upper epidermises of leaves of certain monocot

located on both sided of the midvein

help in leaf roll or fold inward during drought

Answer 14

bulliform cells

Question 15

guard cells are associated with special epidermal cells called

Answer 15

subsidiary cells

Question 16

activates proton pumps

in guard-cell plasma membrane

Answer 16

blue light

Question 17

difference in concentration of protons on the 2 sides of a cell membrane

contains potential energy that can be used to form ATP or do work in the cell

Answer 17

Proton Gradient

Question 18

diffusion of materials from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through special passageways in the membrane

Answer 18

facilitated diffusion

Question 19

• loss of water vapor from a plant’s aerial parts
• occurs primarily through stomata
• rate of transpiration is affected by environmental factors
• temperature, wind, relative humidity
• both beneficial and harmful to the plant

Answer 19

transpiration

Question 20

helps reduce the surface area from which transpiration occurs

Answer 20

wilting

Question 21

normal falling off of leaves or other plant parts, such as fruits or flowers

Answer 21

abscission

Question 22

in temperate climates, most woody plants with broad leaves shed leaves in fall

helps them survive low temperatures of winter

involves physiological and anatomical changes

Answer 22

leaf abscission

Question 23

types of modified leaves

Answer 23

• bud scale
• spine
• bract
• tendril
• bulb

Question 24

modified leaf that covers and protects delicate meristematic tissue of winter buds

Answer 24

bud scale

Question 25

leaf modified for protection, such as a cactus spine

Answer 25

spine

Question 26

modified leaf associated with a flower or inflorescence but not part of the flower itself

Answer 26

bract

Question 27

modified leaf associated with a flower or inflorescence but not part of the flower itself

Answer 27

bract

Question 28

leaf or stem that is modified for holding on or attaching to objects support weak stems

Answer 28

tendril

Question 29

rounded, fleshy, underground bud that consists of a short stem with fleshy leaves specialized for storage

Answer 29

bulb

Question 30

plant or plant-like organism that grows on the surface of another plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it.

Answer 30

epiphytes