Plant Organs Roots

Question 1

Monocot & Dicot embryo

Answer 1

monocot: 1 cotyledon
dicot: 2 cotyledon

Question 2

monocot & dicot flower parts

Answer 2

monocot: in multiples of 3
dicot: in multiples of 4 or 5

Question 3

monocot & dicot root system structure

Answer 3

monocot: fibrous
dicot: taproot

Question 4

monocot & dicot pollen structure

Answer 4

monocot: 1 furrow
dicot: 3 furrows

Question 5

monocot & dicot leaf venation

Answer 5

monocot: parallel
dicot: reticulated (netlike)

Question 6

monocot & dicot vascular bundle arrangement in stem

Answer 6

monocot: scattered
dicot: ringed

Question 7

monocot examples:

Answer 7

wheat, corn, lillies, daffodils, elodea, orchids

Question 8

dicot examples:

Answer 8

sunflower, buttercups, apple trees, lilac, roses

Question 9

functions of roots

Answer 9

• anchorage
• absorption
• conduction
• storage

Question 10

root system consisting of 1 prominent main root with smaller lateral roots branching from it

Answer 10

taproot system

Question 11

root system consisting of several adventitious roots of approximately equal size that arise from the base of the stem

Answer 11

fibrous root system

Question 12

covering of cells over the root rip that protects delicate meristematic tissue directly behind it

Answer 12

root cap

Question 13

extensions of an epidermal cell of a root that increases absorptive capacity of the root

Answer 13

root hair

Question 14

a protective thimble-like layer
covers delicate root apical meristem
orient root so it grows downward

Answer 14

root cap

Question 15

short lived, unicellular extensions of epidermal cells near the growing root tip, increaser surface area of root in contact with moist soil, increasing root’s absorptive capacity

Answer 15

root hairs

Question 16

outer protective covering

Answer 16

epidermis

Question 17

ground tissues

Answer 17

• cortex
• pith

Question 18

vascular tissues

Answer 18

• xylem
• phloem

Question 19

protects the root
root hairs help absorb water and dissolved minerals

Answer 19

epidermis

Question 20

consists of parenchyma cells
usually stores starch

Answer 20

cortex

Question 21

innermost layer of the cortex of the root that prevents water and dissolved materials from entering the xylem by passing between cells

Answer 21

endodermis

Question 22

band of waterproof material around the radial and transverse cells of the endodermis

ensures that water and minerals enter the xylem only by passing through the endodermal cells

Answer 22

casparian strip

Question 23

layer of cells just inside the endodermis of the root

gives rise to the lateral roots

Answer 23

pericycle

Question 24

conducts water and dissolved minerals

Answer 24

xylem

Question 25

conducts dissolved sugar

Answer 25

phloem

Question 26

monocot root often have _____ in the center of the root - in herbaceous eudicot roots, xylem and phloem form a solid mass in center of root

Answer 26

pith

Question 27

monocots roots lack a _____________ - do not have secondary growth

Answer 27

vascular cambium

Question 28

water movement in a primary eudicot root

Answer 28

root hair > epidermis > cortex > endodermis > pericycle > xylem of root

Question 29

a continuum consisting of the cytoplasm of many plant cells, connected from one cell to the next by plasmodesmata

Answer 29

symplast

Question 30

a continuum consisting of the interconnected, porous plant cell walls, along which water moves freely

Answer 30

apoplast

Question 31

types of modified roots

Answer 31

• prop root • contractile root • pneumatophore • buttress roots • suckers

Question 32

an adventitious root that arises from the stem and provides additional

Answer 32

prop root

Question 33

specialized root often found on bulbs or corns that contracts and pulls the plant to a desirable depth in soil

Answer 33

contractile root

Question 34

specialized aerial root produced by certain trees living in swampy habitats may facilitate gas exchange between the atmosphere and submerged roots

Answer 34

pneumatophore

Question 35

swollen bases or braces that hold trees upright aid in extensive distribution of shallow roots found in some tropical rainforest trees

Answer 35

buttress roots

Question 36

above ground stems that develop adventitious buds on the roots asexual reproduction method of some roots certain epiphytes have roots that are modified to photosynthesise

Answer 36

suckers

Question 37

examples of taproots

Answer 37

carrots, beets, sugar beets, parsnips, turnips, rutabagas, radishes

Question 38

examples of fibrous roots

Answer 38

sweet potatoes, cassava

Question 39

a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a root that helps the plant absorb essential minerals from the soil

Answer 39

mycorrhiza

Question 40

a small swelling on the root of a leguminous plant in which beneficial nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobium) live

Answer 40

nodule