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Biol 143 > plant reproduction > Flashcards

plant reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

flowers

A

reproductive organs of angiosperms

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2
Q

carpel

A

female flower part

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3
Q

carpel produces

A

embryo sacs which contain an egg

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4
Q

stamen

A

male flower parts

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5
Q

stamen produce

A

pollen which contains sperm

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6
Q

monoecious flowers contain

A

both male and female structures

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7
Q

dioecious flowers contain

A

only male or female structures

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8
Q

pollination

A

fertilization of egg by sperm from pollen

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9
Q

receptacle

A

end of stem holding flower

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10
Q

sepals

A

protect flower bud before it opens (looks like a leaf)

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11
Q

pedals attract animals to

A

aid in pollination

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12
Q

stamen: ___ holds pollen and ___ holds anther

A

anther holds pollen and filament holds anther

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13
Q

carpel

A

embryo sac holds eggs

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14
Q

where does pollen land?

A

sticky stigma
tallest part of flower

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15
Q

style

A

connects stigma and ovary

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16
Q

gametophyte

A

gametes with associated cells that assist their function

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17
Q

male gametophyte

A

pollen grain

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18
Q

female gametophyte

A

embryo sac

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19
Q

pollen grain formation:
meiosis of spore cells produces..

A

haploid (n) pollen grains

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20
Q

pollen must be moved from…to fertilize eggs

A

anther to stigma

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21
Q

insect pollination: usually pollinated by bees. how?

A

-they are attracted by sweet smells, bright colors, and UV lights

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22
Q

bat pollinations:
-flowers are often…
-flowers smell…
-flowers attract bats with…
-flowers open at….

A

-brightly colored
-sweet
-nectar
-night

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23
Q

birds pollination: flowers are often …

A

large

24
Q

flowers that birds pollinate often don’t smell sweet, why?

A

birds have a bad sense of smell

25
Q

wind pollination plant characteristics

A

don’t have colorful flowers or significant sense or nectar

26
Q

wind pollination requires

A

HUGE amounts of pollen

27
Q

pollen is delivered to

A

sticky stigma

28
Q

pollen tube cells grain grows…

A

a tube down the style

29
Q

generative cell moves …

A

down pollen tube

30
Q

tube fuses with ___ that contains an egg

A

ovule

31
Q

double fertilization: generative cell divides into..

A

2 sperm which enter the ovule from pollen tube

32
Q

sperm fertilize 2 structures:

A

1 sperm fertilizes egg to form 2n embryo

1 sperm combines with 2 polar nuclei to form 3n endosperm

33
Q

purpose of 3n endosperm

A

develops into food for the embryo

34
Q

which develops first: endosperm or embryo?

A

endosperm

35
Q

endosperm development: mitosis results in milky fluid with…

A

many nuclei

36
Q

endosperm development: cell walls form, solidifying milky substance into

A

separate ells

37
Q

endosperm stores… for use when embryo germinates

A

energy

38
Q

embryo divides via

A

MITOSIS

39
Q

embryo development: begins forming…

A

cotyledons

40
Q

embryo formation: forms ____ and ____

A

stem apical meristem
root apical meristem

41
Q

seed dormancy: structures surrounding ovule become

A

protective seed coat

42
Q

seed dormancy: seed becomes dormant with little…

A

metabolic activity

43
Q

seed dormancy: breaks dormancy when

A

environmental conditions are right

44
Q

example of condition requirements to break dormancy

A

Soaking in water; High heat; Freezing; Light; Digestion by animal

45
Q

germination occurs when

A

certain conditions are met

46
Q

germination: embryo must escape

A

seed coat

47
Q

imbibition

A

seed absorbs water: water expands seed and breaks seed coat

48
Q

endosperm is digested to provide

A

nutrients for growth

49
Q

stem pulls ___ free of seed coat

A

cotyledons

50
Q

cotyledons are pushed above ground to begin

A

photosynthesis, generating enough energy for further growth

51
Q

____ inside ___ becomes seeds

A

ovules; ovary

52
Q

____ surrounding ovules becomes fruit

A

ovary

53
Q

purpose of fruit

A

disperse seeds and prevent offspring from competing with parent for nutrients

54
Q

seed dispersal: animals

A

 Sticks to animals’ body
 Attract animal to eat seeds in fruit
 Animal forgetting where it hid seeds

55
Q

seed dispersals: wind

A

 Use tufts to catch wind
 Spin to fall slowly
 Glide

Biol 143 (21 decks)

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