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Plant S#!t 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Molybdenum causes _________ deficiency

A

Copper

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2
Q

What are clinical signs of copper deficiency caused by molybdenum toxicity?

A 
Diarrhea 
Wasting
Depigmentation 
Demyelination 
Osteoporosis
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3
Q

Plants high in copper?? MOA of toxicosis??

A

Clovers

Liver damage, hemolysis, methemoglobinemia

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4
Q

What is the acute toxicosis of selenium ?

A

GI irritation and respiratory signs

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5
Q

Subacute selenium toxicity, “blind staggers” has similar clinical signs to ???

A

Arsenilic acid —> neuro abnormalities

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6
Q

Chronic selenium toxicosis affects ??

A

Hair and hoof

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7
Q

What plants can accumulate nitrates?

A 
Pigweed 
Oat 
Corn
Sweet clover 
Alfalfa
Wheat 
Sunflower
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8
Q

What is the acute MOA of nitrate toxicosis ?

A

GI irritation
Nitrite causes oxidation of ferrous iron of hemoglobin to ferric iron and formation of methemoglobin
Respiratory insufficiency signs due to inability of the blood to carry oxygen
Abortion

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9
Q

What is the chronic MOA of nitrate toxicosis?

A

Decreased progesterone during pregnancy—> abortion

Reduced performance

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10
Q

What plant family contains dimethyl disulfide ?

A

Mustards

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11
Q

What is the MOA of dimethyl disulfide ?

A

Contains 5-methyl cysteine sulfoxide which is reduced by intestinal flora in monogastrics animals and rumen microflora to dimethyl disulfide —> oxidation of RBC to form Heinz’s bodies

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12
Q

Clinical signs associated with dimethyl disulfide?

A 
Depression 
Anemia 
Hemoglobinemia 
Hemoglobinuria 
Icterus 
Cyanosis
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13
Q

Plants containing diterpene esters?

A

Chenille plant, cat tail
Candelabra “cactus”
Crown of thorns
Poinsettia

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14
Q

Clinical signs of diterpene ester toxicosis?

A

Irritation and blistering of the skin and GI mucosa leading to salivation, vomiting, and diarrhea

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15
Q

Rhododendron, azalea has what toxin?

A

Grayanotoxin

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16
Q

What is the MOA of grayanotoxin?

A

Bind to sodium channels in excitable cells
Increase permeability of sodium ions and depolarization
Irrational of GI mucosa

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17
Q

Clinical signs associated with grayanotoxin ?

A

GI signs - excessive salivation, vomiting, regurgitation, colic, and diarrhea

Depression, recumbency, tachycardia, tachypnea, seizure, and fever

Death due to aspiration pneumonia

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18
Q

Castor bean and predatory bean contain what toxin?

A

Lectins

VERY toxic

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19
Q

What is the MOA of lectin?

A

Ricin and abrin are glycoproteins

—> inhibit cellular protein synthesis resulting in cell death

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20
Q

An owner thinks their dog ate castor bean, what clinical signs would be consistent with toxicity?

A

Hemorrhagic gastritis

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21
Q

Toxin present in chinaberry? MOA?

Study These Flashcards
A

Meliatoxins

Entertoxic and neurotoxic

22
Q

What are the clinical signs of meliatoxins?

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A

GI signs with or without blood
CNS and peripheral neuronal signs generally similar to nicotine poisoning

Death from respiratory failure

23
Q

Propyl disulfide has a similar MOA to what other plant toxin?

Study These Flashcards
A

Dimethyl disulfide

Oxygenation of the RBC membrane —> Heinz bodies

24
Q

Family of plants containing propyl disulfide ?

25
Clinical signs associated with propyl disulfide toxicity?
``` Anorexia Ataxia Tachycardia Tancypnea dyspnea Abortion ``` Onion odor
26
Toxin present in horsebrush ?
Tetradymol
27
What is the MOA tetradymol?
Induction of microsomal enzymes | Liver damage —> photosensitization
28
Clinical signs of horsebrush?
Anorexia Depression Incoordintation, headpressing Dyspnea Icterus Skin swelling erythema, necrosis, and sloughing
29
What animal is most susceptible to horsebrush toxicity?
Sheep
30
What plants contain thimainase?
Horsetail | Bracken fern
31
What is the MOA of bracken fern and horsetail?
Thiaminase destroys thiamine in the diet and produces signs of thiamine (vit B1) deficiency in monogastric animals
32
Treatment of horsetail toxicity>
Thiamine IV (vit B1)
33
What plants contain triterpenoid saponins?
Alfalfa Holly English ivy Pokeweed family
34
What is the MOA triterpenoid saponins?
Direct irritation of the GI mucosa —> salivation, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, colic, hypothermia
35
What are some plants containing resins?
Milkweed Chinaberry Marijuana’s
36
What is the MOA of resins?
Irritation of the nervous/muscle tissue
37
What is the MOA of alsike and red clover?
Hepatotoxicity | —> hepatic encephalopathy and photosensitization
38
Clinical signs associated with alsike clover and red clover?
``` Lacrimation Photophobia Erythema Pruritius Edema Necrosis Sloughing ```
39
What is the MOA of avocado?
Cardiotoxicity in goat, horse, rabbit, and caged bird Noninfectous mastitis in cattle, horse, goat and rabbit
40
MOA of black walnut?
Inviting of fresh shaving s —> laminitis
41
What plants can cause forage-induced photosensitization ?
Moldy alfalfa Red clover Moldy wheat —> primary and secondary photosensitization
42
Grapes cause renal toxicity in what species?
Dogs
43
Lilies cause renal failure in what speices?
Cats
44
Pigweed causes renal failure in what species?
Ruminants
45
Red maple MOA?
Oxidize hemoglobin —> heinz bodies damaging cell membrane Hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria
46
What are the two toxins in coffee weed, senna?
Unknown —> skeletal muscle myopathy and cardiomyopathy Anthraquinones —> cathartic
47
Clinical signs associated with coffee weed?
Diarrhea (or constipation) | Muscle weakness, recumbency, good appetite, myoglobinuria, and coffee coloured urine, tachycardia, and death
48
What is the MOA of yellow starthistle and knappweed? What is the disease called?
Equine nigropallidal encephaomalacia AKA chewing disease Interact with dopamine transporter resulting in death of dopaminergic neurons in the brain —> esp substantial nigra and globus pallidus
49
Clinical signs associated with yellow starthistle and knappweed?
Inability to eat/drink, drowsiness interrupted by excitation, head down Dehydration
50
What species are Macadamia nuts toxic to?
Doggos
51
Clinical signs associated with macadamia nuts?
GI and locomotor signs Weakness, especially in hindlimbs, depression, ataxia, tremors, hyperthermia, lameness, recumbency, vomiting, colic, diarrhea, pale mucus membranes Full recovery within 2 days

RUSVM Toxicology (23 decks)

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