Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM Toxicology > Plant S#!t 2 > Flashcards

Plant S#!t 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Molybdenum causes _________ deficiency

A

Copper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are clinical signs of copper deficiency caused by molybdenum toxicity?

A 
Diarrhea 
Wasting
Depigmentation 
Demyelination 
Osteoporosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Plants high in copper?? MOA of toxicosis??

A

Clovers

Liver damage, hemolysis, methemoglobinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the acute toxicosis of selenium ?

A

GI irritation and respiratory signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Subacute selenium toxicity, “blind staggers” has similar clinical signs to ???

A

Arsenilic acid —> neuro abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chronic selenium toxicosis affects ??

A

Hair and hoof

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What plants can accumulate nitrates?

A 
Pigweed 
Oat 
Corn
Sweet clover 
Alfalfa
Wheat 
Sunflower
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the acute MOA of nitrate toxicosis ?

A

GI irritation
Nitrite causes oxidation of ferrous iron of hemoglobin to ferric iron and formation of methemoglobin
Respiratory insufficiency signs due to inability of the blood to carry oxygen
Abortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the chronic MOA of nitrate toxicosis?

A

Decreased progesterone during pregnancy—> abortion

Reduced performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What plant family contains dimethyl disulfide ?

A

Mustards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the MOA of dimethyl disulfide ?

A

Contains 5-methyl cysteine sulfoxide which is reduced by intestinal flora in monogastrics animals and rumen microflora to dimethyl disulfide —> oxidation of RBC to form Heinz’s bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clinical signs associated with dimethyl disulfide?

A 
Depression 
Anemia 
Hemoglobinemia 
Hemoglobinuria 
Icterus 
Cyanosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Plants containing diterpene esters?

A

Chenille plant, cat tail
Candelabra “cactus”
Crown of thorns
Poinsettia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clinical signs of diterpene ester toxicosis?

A

Irritation and blistering of the skin and GI mucosa leading to salivation, vomiting, and diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rhododendron, azalea has what toxin?

A

Grayanotoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the MOA of grayanotoxin?

A

Bind to sodium channels in excitable cells
Increase permeability of sodium ions and depolarization
Irrational of GI mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clinical signs associated with grayanotoxin ?

A

GI signs - excessive salivation, vomiting, regurgitation, colic, and diarrhea

Depression, recumbency, tachycardia, tachypnea, seizure, and fever

Death due to aspiration pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Castor bean and predatory bean contain what toxin?

A

Lectins

VERY toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the MOA of lectin?

A

Ricin and abrin are glycoproteins

—> inhibit cellular protein synthesis resulting in cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

An owner thinks their dog ate castor bean, what clinical signs would be consistent with toxicity?

A

Hemorrhagic gastritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Toxin present in chinaberry? MOA?

A

Meliatoxins

Entertoxic and neurotoxic

22
Q

What are the clinical signs of meliatoxins?

A

GI signs with or without blood
CNS and peripheral neuronal signs generally similar to nicotine poisoning

Death from respiratory failure

23
Q

Propyl disulfide has a similar MOA to what other plant toxin?

A

Dimethyl disulfide

Oxygenation of the RBC membrane —> Heinz bodies

24
Q

Family of plants containing propyl disulfide ?

A

Onion

25
Q

Clinical signs associated with propyl disulfide toxicity?

A 
Anorexia
Ataxia
Tachycardia
Tancypnea dyspnea 
Abortion

Onion odor

26
Q

Toxin present in horsebrush ?

A

Tetradymol

27
Q

What is the MOA tetradymol?

A

Induction of microsomal enzymes

Liver damage —> photosensitization

28
Q

Clinical signs of horsebrush?

A

Anorexia
Depression

Incoordintation, headpressing
Dyspnea
Icterus
Skin swelling erythema, necrosis, and sloughing

29
Q

What animal is most susceptible to horsebrush toxicity?

A

Sheep

30
Q

What plants contain thimainase?

A

Horsetail

Bracken fern

31
Q

What is the MOA of bracken fern and horsetail?

A

Thiaminase destroys thiamine in the diet and produces signs of thiamine (vit B1) deficiency in monogastric animals

32
Q

Treatment of horsetail toxicity>

A

Thiamine IV (vit B1)

33
Q

What plants contain triterpenoid saponins?

A

Alfalfa
Holly
English ivy
Pokeweed family

34
Q

What is the MOA triterpenoid saponins?

A

Direct irritation of the GI mucosa —> salivation, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, colic, hypothermia

35
Q

What are some plants containing resins?

A

Milkweed
Chinaberry
Marijuana’s

36
Q

What is the MOA of resins?

A

Irritation of the nervous/muscle tissue

37
Q

What is the MOA of alsike and red clover?

A

Hepatotoxicity

—> hepatic encephalopathy and photosensitization

38
Q

Clinical signs associated with alsike clover and red clover?

A 
Lacrimation 
Photophobia 
Erythema
Pruritius 
Edema
Necrosis 
Sloughing
39
Q

What is the MOA of avocado?

A

Cardiotoxicity in goat, horse, rabbit, and caged bird

Noninfectous mastitis in cattle, horse, goat and rabbit

40
Q

MOA of black walnut?

A

Inviting of fresh shaving s —> laminitis

41
Q

What plants can cause forage-induced photosensitization ?

A

Moldy alfalfa
Red clover
Moldy wheat

—> primary and secondary photosensitization

42
Q

Grapes cause renal toxicity in what species?

A

Dogs

43
Q

Lilies cause renal failure in what speices?

A

Cats

44
Q

Pigweed causes renal failure in what species?

A

Ruminants

45
Q

Red maple MOA?

A

Oxidize hemoglobin —> heinz bodies damaging cell membrane

Hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria

46
Q

What are the two toxins in coffee weed, senna?

A

Unknown —> skeletal muscle myopathy and cardiomyopathy

Anthraquinones —> cathartic

47
Q

Clinical signs associated with coffee weed?

A

Diarrhea (or constipation)

Muscle weakness, recumbency, good appetite, myoglobinuria, and coffee coloured urine, tachycardia, and death

48
Q

What is the MOA of yellow starthistle and knappweed? What is the disease called?

A

Equine nigropallidal encephaomalacia AKA chewing disease

Interact with dopamine transporter resulting in death of dopaminergic neurons in the brain —> esp substantial nigra and globus pallidus

49
Q

Clinical signs associated with yellow starthistle and knappweed?

A

Inability to eat/drink, drowsiness interrupted by excitation, head down
Dehydration

50
Q

What species are Macadamia nuts toxic to?

A

Doggos

51
Q

Clinical signs associated with macadamia nuts?

A

GI and locomotor signs

Weakness, especially in hindlimbs, depression, ataxia, tremors, hyperthermia, lameness, recumbency, vomiting, colic, diarrhea, pale mucus membranes

Full recovery within 2 days

RUSVM Toxicology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions