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Biology > Plants and food (Chapter 10) > Flashcards

Plants and food (Chapter 10) Flashcards

1
Q

What are plants and animals known as?

A

plants - producers
animals - consumers

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2
Q

What is difference between chloroplasts and chlorophyll?

A

Chlorophyll - green pigment in the plant
Chloroplast - organelle that keep chlorophyll in plant

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3
Q

Give the formula of photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H20 —-light energy—-> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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4
Q

In what part of the day does plant do more respiration and photosynthesis?

A

Day time - Photosynthesis > Respiration
Night time - Photosynthesis < Respiration

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5
Q

Which prevent the water from entering or existing the leaf?

A

Waxy cuticle

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6
Q

Tell the process of testing leaves for starch?

A
  • Remove the wax by boiling in water
  • Remove the color by boiling in ethanol
  • Heat in a water bath
  • Wash the leaf with cold water to soften it
  • Add iodine solution
  • Part of the plant that turns into blue black color has starch
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7
Q

What are safety precautions when carrying out the testing leaves for starch experiment?

A
  • Don’t heat the ethanol directly (heat it in water)
  • Turn off Bunsen burner
  • Wear gloves and goggles
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8
Q

What are the conditions needed for photosynthesis?

A
  • CO2
  • (H20)
  • Light
  • Chloroplasts
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9
Q

What do we needed to do before testing the condition needed for leaf to make starch?

A

We need to de-starch the plant by placing it in the dark for 2 or 3 days.

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10
Q

Where are de-starched plants used?

A

They are used to find out the conditions needed for the plant to make more starch during photosynthesis.

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11
Q

What are needed to test the need of chloroplast and CO2 during photosynthesis on the leaf?

A

Test for chloroplast - Variegated leaf
Test for CO2 - Soda lime

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12
Q

What is a variegated plant?

A

A plant that has green and white areas on its leaves.

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13
Q

What does soda lime do?

A

It absorbs the carbon dioxide.

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14
Q

How can you test whether the plant produces oxygen?

A

When a piece of plant is placed in a test tube of water under bright light, it produces a stream of small bubbles meaning that it produces oxygen.

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15
Q

Plant make starch directly.

A

False, they first produce glucose.

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16
Q

How to test whether water is used in photosynthesis?

A

By supplying the plant with water with labeled atoms like heavy isotopes of oxygen (18 O)

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17
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is where a plant use carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of chlorophyll and light, to make glucose and oxygen.

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18
Q

What is the role of chlorophyll?

A

To absorb the light energy needed for the reaction to take place.

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19
Q

What does photosynthesis convert?

A

It converts light energy into chemical energy.

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20
Q

Where does the chemical energy in the glucose originally come from?

A

Light trapped by the process of photosynthesis.

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21
Q

Which plant organ is best adapted for photosynthesis?

A

Leaf

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22
Q

What is needed for leaves to be able to photosynthesis efficiently?

A

They need to have

  • a large surface area to absorb light
  • many chloroplasts containing the
    chlorophyll
  • a supply of water and carbon dioxide
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23
Q

What does outer layers of the cell cover with?

A

Cuticle

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24
Q

What is the function of a waxy cuticle?

A
  • It reduces water loss through evaporation
  • It acts as a barrier to the entry of pathogens.
25
Q

What does the lower epidermis have?

A

Stoma

26
Q

What is the function of a stoma?

A

It

  • allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into the leaf
  • oxygen and water vapor to diffuse out.
27
Q

How each stomata formed?

A

It is formed as a gap between two guard cells.

28
Q

Which change the shape of stomata?

A

Guard cells

29
Q

What layer is in the middle of the leaf?

A

palisade mesophyll layer, a tissue made of long, narrow cells, each containing hundreds of chloroplasts, and is the main site of photosynthesis.

30
Q

How upper epidermis allow light to pass through?

A

It is relative transparent

31
Q

What is below palisade layer?

A

Spongy mesophyll layer

32
Q

What is the function spongy cells?

A

They form the main gas exchange surface of the leaf, absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen and water vapor.

33
Q

Which allows the gases to diffuse in and out of the mesophyll?

A

Air spaces

34
Q

How are the water and mineral ions supplied to the leaf?

A

By xylem

35
Q

How the water get into mesophyll cells?

A

Water is absorb by the roots and passes up through the stem and through veins in the leaves.

36
Q

Which carry the products of photosynthesis by mesophyll cells?

A

The phloem

37
Q

What does the veins in the leaf contain?

A

xylem and phloem tissue

38
Q

Which supplies other parts of the plants with products of photosynthesis?

A

phloem

39
Q

How are water and minerals ions supplied to the leaf?

A

By xylem

40
Q

What does phloem carry?

A

Phloem carries only soluble substances such as sugars (mainly sucrose) and amino acids.

41
Q

What does the plant do when light intensity is high?

A

It carries out photosynthesis at a much higher rate than it respires.

42
Q

How carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere change throughout the day?

A
  • Air contained the least carbon dioxide in the afternoon when photosynthesis was happening at the highest rate.
  • The level of carbon dioxide rose at night time when there was no photosynthesis
43
Q

What is used to indicate the changes in carbon dioxide concentration?

A

Hydrogen carbonate indicator solution

44
Q

What are the changes to hydrogen carbonate solution with different concentrations of carbon dioxide?

A
  • High concentration of CO2 - yellow
  • CO2 in normal air - orange
  • Low concentration of CO2 - purple
45
Q

What are limiting factors of photosynthesis?

A
  • Light intensity
  • Carbon dioxide concentration
  • Temperature
46
Q

What happen if the limiting factor is short supplied?

A

It will affect its reaction rate

47
Q

What is the main sugar carried in the phloem?

A

Sucrose

48
Q

Plant can convert glucose into what?

A

Lipids

49
Q

How does lipid used in plants?

A
  • It is used for the membranes of the cell
  • For energy stored in many seeds and fruits
50
Q

What is another name for soil-free culture?

A

water culture

51
Q

Can plants be grown without soil?

A

Yes, if the correct balance of minerals is added to the water.

52
Q

What is a complete culture solution?

A

The solution contains chemicals that provide all the main elements the plants need to make proteins, DNA, chlorophyll, and other components from glucose.

53
Q

What does a shortage of a particular mineral result?

A

Mineral deficiency disease

54
Q

What are uses and deficiency symptoms of nitrate?

A

Uses - making amino acids, proteins, chlorophyll, DNA

Deficiency symptom - Limited growth of plant, older leaves turn yellow

55
Q

What are uses and deficiency symptoms of phosphate?

A

Uses - making DNA; part of cell membranes

Deficiency symptoms - poor root growth, younger leaves turn purple

56
Q

What are uses and deficiency symptoms of potassium?

A

Uses - needed for enzymes for respiration and photosynthesis to work

Deficiency symptoms - leaves turn yellow with dead spots

57
Q

What are the uses and deficiency symptoms of magnesium?

A

Uses - part of the chlorophyll molecule

Deficiency symptoms - leaves turn yellow

58
Q

What does a plant use to absorb mineral ions?

A

Active transport

Biology (14 decks)

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