Platelet Production, Structure, and Function Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
responsible for the commitment of megakaryoblast further in more mature states
A
thrombopoeitin
2
Q
normal value of platelets
A
150 - 400 x 10^9 L
3
Q
megakaryocute progenitors arise from common myeloid progenitor under the transcription gene product
A
GATA-1
4
Q
GATA 1 is regulated by this cofactor
A
FOG1
5
Q
megakaryocyte differentiation is suppressed by gene product
A
MYB
6
Q
last precursor cell capable of mitosis
A
CFU-meg
7
Q
form of mitosis that lacks telophase and cytokinesis
A
endomitosis
8
Q
endomitosis is initiated by the suppresion of ____ by the ___
A
Rho/ROCK signaling pathway
RUNX1
9
Q
transcription factor that influences DNA production up to 32 N to produce abundant cytoplasm
A
NF- E2
10
Q
series of stages where the cells can be recognized by their unique morphology
A
terminal differentiation
11
Q
megakaryoblast percent
A
20
12
Q
megakaryoblast size
A
14-18 um
13
Q
megakaryoblast nucleus shape
A
round
14
Q
megakaryoblast chromatin
A
homogenous
15
Q
megakaryoblast: N:C ratio
A
3:1
16
Q
megakaryoblast endomitosis
A
present
17
Q
megakaryoblast cytoplasm
A
basophilic
18
Q
promegakaryocyte percent
A
25
19
Q
promegakaryocyte size
A
15 to 40 un
20
Q
promegakaryocyte nucleus
A
indented
21
Q
promegakaryocyte chromatin
A
moderately condensed
22
Q
promegakaryocyte N:C ratio
A
1:2
23
Q
promegakaryocyte endomitosis
A
ends
24
Q
promegakaryocyte cytoplasm
A
basophilic and granular
25
megakaryocyte percent
55
26
megakaryocyte size
30 to 50 um
27
megakaryocyte nucleus
multilobed
28
megakaryocyte chromatin
deeply and variablt condensed
29
megakaryocyte N:C ratio
1:4
30
megakaryocyte endomitosis
absent
31
megakaryocyte cytoplasm
azurophilic and granular
32
membrane lined channeles that grow inward, subdivide the entire cytoplasm and delineates individual platelets
demarcation membrane system
33
identifiable characteristic of MK II
indentation at the 4N stage
34
identification characteristic of MK I
plasma blebs
35
a single.megakaryocyte may shed how many platelets
2000 to 4000
36
average thrombopoeisis per day
10^8 megakaryocytes producing 10^11 platelets
37
MPL
BFU Meg to platelets
38
CD34
BFU meg to LD CFU Meg
39
CD41
CFU Meg to platelet
40
CD42, PF4, VWF
terminal differentiation stages
41
TPO
differentiation to
progenitors
megakaryocytes
late maturation
42
IL 3
differentiation to progenitors and megakaryocytes
43
IL 6
late maturation and thrombopoeisis
44
IL 11
differentiation to megakaryocytes
late maturation
thrombopoeisis
45
4 major regions of the platelet
plasma membrane
submembrane area
sol gel zone
organelle zone
46
shape of platelets under homeostatic conditions
discoid
47
platelet glycocalyx thickness
40-50 nm
48
glycocalyx contains this glycoproteins
gp Ia Ib IIa IIb III IV V IX
49
facilitate platelet adhesion to vWF
gp Ib/ IX
50
facilitate platelet aggregation
gp IIb/ IIIa
51
plasma membrane contains
sodium potassium ATPase pump
factor VIII
phosphatidylserine,inositol,choline
52
functions of the submembrane area
regulate normal discoid shape
base for pseudopod formation
interact with contractile proteins to modulate adhesion and retraction
53
2 components of the sol gels or cytoskeleton zone
microtubules
microfilaments
54
direct contravtile response to stimulus
microtubules
55
contractile force that brings organelles to center during activation
microfilaments
56
two granules produced by platelets
alpha granules
dense granules
57
components of dense granules
adenosine diphosphate and triphosphates
guanosine diphosphates and triphosphates
calcium
magnesium
serotonin
58
alpha granules classification of content
1. platelet specific proteins
2. multimerin
3. adhesive glycoproteins
4. coagulation factors
5. mitogenic factors
6. fibrinolytic inhibitors
7. membrane associated proteins
59
binds endogenously released heparin to counteract inhibitory effect
PF4
beta thromboglobulin
60
acts as a bridge between ADP stimulated platelets
fibrinogen
61
bind to platelet surface and in turn provide base for binding of other coagulation factors
factor V
62
stimulates smooth muscle cell growth and proliferation
platelet derived growth factor
endothelial cell growth factor
63
platelet specific proteins
PF4
beta thromboglobulin
64
large polymers of vWF
multimerin
65
adhesive glycoproteins
fibrinogen
fibronectin
vitronectin
vWF
66
coagulation factors
factor V
factor XI
protein S
67
mitogenic factors
PDGF
ECGF
TGFB
68
fibrinolytic inhibitors
alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor
plasminogen activator inhibitor
69
membrane associated proteins
P selctin
GMP 33
24-kd GTP binding protein
gpIV
osteonectin
70
4 coagulants secreted by platelets
high molecular weight kinin
fibrinogen
factor V
vWF
71
4 aggregators secreted by platelets
ADP
calcium
PF4
thrombospondin
72
promotes platelet aggregation
ADP and calcium
73
promotes platelet aggregation and inhibits heparin
PF4
thrombospondin
74
2 vasoconstrictors released by the platelet
serotonithromboxane A2
75
vasoconstriction
serotonin
76
vasoconstriction and platelet release reaction
thromboxane A2 precursor
77
2 substances secreted for vascular repair
PDGF
beta thronboglobulin
78
promotes smooth muscle growth
PDGF
79
chemotactic factor for fibroblast and heparin inhibitor
beta thromboglobulin
80
1 fibrinolytic substance secreted by platelet
plasminogen
81
plasmin precursor
plasminogen
82
4 inhibitors secreted by platelets
alpha 2 antiplasmin
protease nexin II
PIXI
C1 esterase inhibitor
83
plasmin inhibitor, inhibits clot lysis
alpha 2 antiplasmin
84
inhibits factor XIa thereby activating factor IX
protease nexin II and PIXI
85
factors that affect platelet adhesion
extent and depth of vessel injury
type of collagen exposed
shear rate
increased level of other plasma proteins
86
produced by endothelial lining and only causes platelet adhesion
type IV and V collagen
87
produced by smooth kuscle cells and induce platelet adhesion, release reaction and aggregation
collagen type I and III
88
if platelets are turbulent, they have a
high shear rate
89
if platelet flow is laminar and unidirectional it has a
low shear rate
90
examples of proteins that may be increased that may indice platelet aggregation
albumin and fibrinogen in artificial surfaces
protein M in rheumatic fever
91
stimuli to platelet aggregation
ADP
thrombin
thromboxane A2
collagen
epinephrine
92
independent mediators of platelet aggregation
ADP
thrombin
Thromboxane A2
93
ADP causes
TXA2 release
platelet aggregation
94
TXA2 release causes
vasoconstriction
platelet aggregation
95
theombin release causes
ADP release
Thrombixane A2 synthesis
96
explain TXA2 synthesis
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